Return of Kosi river induced by Tibet earthquake

Seismotectonics and change in river courses were correlated. Following the elastic rebound theory before the occurrence of the earthquake the subsurface rocks accumulate the energy by the tectonic movement. The Kosi river barrage was broken due to the tectonic forces accumulation in the south of Tibet Himalayas. Kosi river originates from Tibetan Himalayas and any disturbance in Tibet plateau has the potential to change the river course

Selected topics on reaction-diffusion-advection models from spatial ecology

We discuss the effects of movement and spatial heterogeneity on population dynamics via reaction-diffusion-advection models, focusing on the persistence, competition, and evolution of organisms in spatially heterogeneous environments. Topics include Lokta-Volterra competition models, river models, evolution of biased movement, phytoplankton growth, and spatial spread of epidemic disease. Open problems and conjectures are presented

Environmental Personhood and Standing for Nature: Examining the Colorado River case

As the planet faces the growing threat of climate change, environmental advocates are searching for alternative legal avenues to protect natural entities in the courts. In 2017, the Colorado River Ecosystem brought a lawsuit against the State of Colorado for violating its constitutional rights. The advocates behind this action were seeking to establish in federal court two doctrines that have made strides in other countries as part of the international Rights of Nature movement: environmental personhood and standing for nature. Environmental personhood would recognize natural entities as legal persons, endowing them with corresponding rights and duties under the law. Standing for nature would allow such entities to litigate their grievances on their own behalf in court. If courts were to recognize these doctrines, advocates would gain a significant tool to protect natural entities from ecological catastrophe. However, as an analytical reading of the pleadings in the Colorado River case illustrates, litigants must draft robust complaints that specifically address the standing requirements in order to make progress on this front. In Part I, this Note examines corporate personhood as a possible analogy for the development of environmental personhood. Part II discusses Article III standing as background for the justiciability standard environmental litigants must meet and analyzes animal standing as another comparative path. In Part III, the Note turns to the Colorado River lawsuit, critiques its pleadings, and suggests that a stronger litigation strategy would have increased the likelihood of surviving a justiciability challenge. Part IV recounts the international successes of the Rights of Nature movement to provide a global context for the Colorado River case. In Part V, the Note explores the issues around representation of natural entities in court and how some of these challenges might be navigated. Finally, this Note provides a few concluding thoughts on the path forward for environmental personhood and standing for nature

Salvation and Sociology in the Methodist Episcopal Deaconess Movement

Excerpt: Rather than being an American innovation which was spread to missionary contexts abroad, the deaconess movement in the Methodist Episcopal Church began on the Methodist missionary frontiers of India and Germany in the late 19th century. The appeals to General Conference in April 1888 to establish the office of deaconess originated in the Bengal Conference in India and the Rock River Conference in Illinois. Bishop James Thoburn, a well-known missionary from India, led the petitions through the intricacies of the General Conference with the urging of his missionary sister, Isabella Thoburn, who had recently joined forces with Chicago\u27s Lucy Rider Meyer in their common cause to gain General Conference recognition of the deaconess movement

Tropical forest systems: A hydrological approach

This paper briefly examines the importance of considering the rates and magnitudes of water movement in the hillslope-river system of a tropical rainforest catchment. It is proposed that consideration of water movement is a fundamental component in understanding the release and movement of nutrients in this environment. In any such analysis it is essential that the 'opportunity time' or 'residence time' together with the availability of weatherable minerals be considered. Three conditions are suggested to account for the low solute concentrations in stream waters, each, any or all three of which may occur. (1) If there are no soil nutrients of importance then there can be supply neither to the river nor the plants. (2) If the residence time is too short relative to the equilibriation time of the minerals, then weathering and exchange may not occur. (3) If the residence time is too long (because rate of movement is slow), the 'turnover' will be small. In this context the analogy of an overflowing cup is discussed as a possible explanation of low solute concentrations. The results presented in the paper refer to the period 6th - 26thMay 1977, from a small hillslope-river segment at Resewa Ducke, Amazonas. Measurements made included soil tension, piezometric levels, river stage, infìltration rates and wetting front movement. Using Darcy's Law, water fluxes are determined. Draw down characteristics of the piezometers and river stage have been estimated using regressions of the logarithms of both these variables against the logarithm of time. The results suggest that during the period of observation the slope is almost saturated with respect to water. Actual saturation (positive pressures) are observed to occur at the foot of the slope under all conditions and within the slope during the earliest set of observations. Results from the computation of water fluxes indicate little lateral movement, the dominant flow is at or very close to vertical. Analysis of piezometer level and river stage suggests a very close link between the two, with only limited influence from the adjacent hillslope. In conclusion it seems that during the wet season, most of the river flow is generated by rapid rise beneath the floodplain and the slope immediately adjacent to the floodplain as a direct result of rainfall infiltration and that throughflow is unimportant. This is consistent with certain aspects of the cup analogy and goes far to explain the very low solute concentration found in the water of this and similar barrancos

Low frequency shelf current fluctuations in the Gulf of Alaska

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1977A general oceanographic study of a shelf region in the Gulf of Alaska has revealed low-frequency, current fluctuations. A current meter mooring was located approximately 20 km offshore, in a water depth of 100 m. The time dependent flow is found to be baroclinic and semi-periodic. The effects of local bottom topography, nearshore dilution by river discharge, orographic coastal features, and an island barrier are important to the shelf circulation in this region. The movement of a boundary associated with the Copper River appears to be an important process in controlling the water motion at the mooring site

Resource Management and Area Promotion by the Collaboration of Rural and Urban People in Rural Area -The case study on development from environmental conservation to tourism and area promotion on Shimanto-river basin in Kochi prefecture-

In this paper, I discussed on the change of environment conservation, resource management, area promotion and their policies, and significance and problems in the case of Shimanto-river basin in Shikoku district. Shimanto-river became famous as 'the last clear river in Japan' by television program, which have resulted the increase of tourists, and tourism of river leisure activity and rural experience activity became popular. The movement in Shimanto-river basin had begun from environment conservation, and gradually had added new movement like tourism and area promotion. Also, many players like local government, local enterprise, NPO, inhabitants, volunteers, tourists, and city residents, have participated in the movement. On the consensus among stakeholders of the movement was easy on environment conservation and tourism due to ethic and pragmatic reasons, but on collaboration management of land resource like paddy field and forest were difficult to make consensus, due to land ownership. There are much of abandoned paddy field and forest land recently. It must be permitted by landowner naturally to maintain the lands by volunteers or city residents of well-meaning, even if abandoned lands. Therefore new policy which separates ownership and management system will be needed

The impact of significant input of fine sediment on benthic fauna at tributary junctions: a case study of the Bermejo-Paraguay River confluence, Argentina

This study examines the morphological features, suspended sediment inputs and hydraulic conditions within a large river in association with ecological patterns before and after a tributary confluence. In order to examine these effects, the macroinvertebrate distributions from three reaches of the Paraguay and Bermejo Rivers (Paraguay-Argentina) are investigated. The Bermejo River is a tributary that supplies significant quantities of fine sediment to the Paraguay River, primarily in suspension. Two reaches were examined on the Paraguay River, upstream and downstream of the Bermejo River junction, with the third study reach located on the Bermejo River, upstream of the confluence with the Paraguay River. The results provide clear evidence that a significantly increased loading of fine sediment at a river confluence has effects on the distribution and potential movement of benthic invertebrates in the lotic environment by representing physical barriers at affected sites. These effects may be important at both local and regional scales, and such increases in suspended sediment (especially associated with anthropogenic change) may thus pose a major threat to ecosystem integrity that has been historically underestimated

Impoundments facilitate a biological invasion: Dispersal and establishment of non-native armoured catfish Loricariichthys platymetopon (Isbrückler & Nijssen, 1979) in a neotropical river.

Where dam construction eliminates natural barriers to fish movement between previously disconnected catchments then this presents an opportunity for the movement of species between previously discrete assemblages. Here, the movement of a non-native armoured catfish, Loricariichthys platymetopon, is detailed from its natural range in the lower Paraná River basin, Brazil, into its invasive range in the upper basin following construction of the Itaipu Dam. Its upstream dispersal into a major tributary, the Paranapanema River, is outlined, with focus on its establishment within hydroelectric dams. This case study thus provides further evidence of how river regulation can increase opportunities for biological invasions

Effects of flow regime on the young stages of salmonid fishes. Summary and conclusions based on results for 1981-1985

The main British salmonid species spawn in clean gravel in streams and rivers, many of them in the upland areas of Britain. The earliest stages of the life cycle (eggs and alevins) spend some months within the gravel of the river bed. During this period their survival rate can be strongly influenced by flow regime and by related phenomena such as movement of coarse river bed material, changes in water level and the deposition of silt. In recent years human influence upon the flow regimes of upland water courses and upon the sediment inputs to them has increased. In order to conserve and, if possible, enhance the populations of salmonid fishes a deeper understanding of the interrelationships between survival of young salmonids and flow-related phenomena is needed. The acquisition of appropriate information is the main aim of the present project, which included: Studies on silt movement and the infilling of gravel voids by fine sediments, together with initial studies on the relationship between intragravel oxygen supply rate and the survival of intragravel stages of salmonids; studies in the general field of egg washout. The latter investigated the physical background to gravel bed disruption, the examination of the physical characteristics of sites chosen for redds, dimensions of redds and burial depth of eggs relative to the size of the fish constructing the redd and a series of smaller studies on other aspects of egg washout