200 research outputs found

    (b2023 to 2014) The UNBELIEVABLE similarities between the ideas of some people (2006-2016) and my ideas (2002-2008) in physics (quantum mechanics, cosmology), cognitive neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and philosophy (this manuscript would require a REVOLUTION in international academy environment!)

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    (b2023 to 2014) The UNBELIEVABLE similarities between the ideas of some people (2006-2016) and my ideas (2002-2008) in physics (quantum mechanics, cosmology), cognitive neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and philosophy (this manuscript would require a REVOLUTION in international academy environment!

    Electron Thermal Runaway in Atmospheric Electrified Gases: a microscopic approach

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    Thesis elaborated from 2018 to 2023 at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía under the supervision of Alejandro Luque (Granada, Spain) and Nikolai Lehtinen (Bergen, Norway). This thesis presents a new database of atmospheric electron-molecule collision cross sections which was published separately under the DOI : With this new database and a new super-electron management algorithm which significantly enhances high-energy electron statistics at previously unresolved ratios, the thesis explores general facets of the electron thermal runaway process relevant to atmospheric discharges under various conditions of the temperature and gas composition as can be encountered in the wake and formation of discharge channels

    2023-2024 Boise State University Undergraduate Catalog

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    This catalog is primarily for and directed at students. However, it serves many audiences, such as high school counselors, academic advisors, and the public. In this catalog you will find an overview of Boise State University and information on admission, registration, grades, tuition and fees, financial aid, housing, student services, and other important policies and procedures. However, most of this catalog is devoted to describing the various programs and courses offered at Boise State

    Review of Particle Physics

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    The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app.United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-05CH11231government of Japan (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)Physical Society of Japan (JPS)European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN)United States Department of Energy (DOE

    Jampa\u27s Worldly Dharmas

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    https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/hmvla_jampa/1007/thumbnail.jp

    High-Density Solid-State Memory Devices and Technologies

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    This Special Issue aims to examine high-density solid-state memory devices and technologies from various standpoints in an attempt to foster their continuous success in the future. Considering that broadening of the range of applications will likely offer different types of solid-state memories their chance in the spotlight, the Special Issue is not focused on a specific storage solution but rather embraces all the most relevant solid-state memory devices and technologies currently on stage. Even the subjects dealt with in this Special Issue are widespread, ranging from process and design issues/innovations to the experimental and theoretical analysis of the operation and from the performance and reliability of memory devices and arrays to the exploitation of solid-state memories to pursue new computing paradigms

    Nanoarchitectonics of Nanocellulose-Carbon Nanotube Composites : From Dispersion to Functional Structures

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    Väitöskirjatutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvittämään parametrejä ja ilmiöitä, mitkä vaikuttavat nanoselluloosa-hiilinanoputki (NC-CNT) komposiittien ominaisuuksiin mm. sähkönjohtavuuteen. Nanoselluloosa tarjoaa komposiittirakenteelle ympäristöystävällisen, edullisen, erittäin lujan, mittapysyvän, sulamattoman, myrkyttömän ei metallisen matriisin tai se voi toimia kantajana muille nanomateriaaleille, kuten hiilinanoputkille. Valmistettavan NFC-CNT komposiitin ominaisuudet ovat kuitenkin vahvasti riippuvaisia CNT-dispersion laadusta, nanoputkien pituus-leveyssuhteesta disperkointiprosessin jälkeen ja matriisin lujuudesta, unohtamatta hiilinanoputkien ja nanoselluloosan matriisin keskinäisiä vuorovaikutuksia. Kun tarkastellaan tieteellisessä kirjallisuudessa raportoitujen selluloosa-CNT-komposiittien sähkönjohtavuusarvoja, voidaan todeta, että komposiittirakenteissa sähkövirran liikkuminen on vajavaista. Ensimmäiseksi, sähkövirtaa johtava materiaali ei välttämättä muodosta tehokasta perkolaatioverkostoa, ja toiseksi, disperkointimenetelmä johtaa komposiittirakenteeseen, joka sisältää johtavan materiaalin muodostamia agglomeraatteja. Tärkein syy voi silti olla, että eristävä matriisimateriaali estää komposiittirakenteessa elektronien liikkeen kokonaan tai osittain. Näitä muuttujia ei tutkita perusteellisesti nykyisessä tieteellisessä kirjallisuudessa ja siksi niitä käsitellään tässä väitöskirjatutkimuksessa. Tutkimuksen lähestymistavaksi on valittu nanoarkkitehtoniikka-konsepti, joka hyödyntää useita tutkimusaloja ja teknologioita, jotta hybridi- ja komposiittimateriaalisysteemien luominen mahdollistuu. Nanoarkkitehtoniikka yhdistää poikkitieteellisesti materiaalioppia, nanoteknologiaa ja kemiaa, jotta nanomateriaalien kanssa työskenneltäessä ilmenevät haasteet voidaan selättää. Tutkimus on jaettu osiin tutkimalla kaksi-, kolme- ja neljäkomponenttisysteemejä, ja tunnistamalla mitkä parametrit vaikuttavat nanomateriaalien keskinäisiin vuorovaikutuksiin sekä miten valmistettavan nanokomposiitin ominaisuuksia voidaan edelleen muokata valmistuksen jälkeenkin. Läpi koko väitöskirjatutkimuksen on noudatettu ohjenuoraa, jonka tavoitteena on käyttää ainoastaan minimimäärä materiaaleja, kemikaaleja ja energiaa komposiittien valmistuksessa. Keskeisimpiin tuloksiin lukeutuu nanofibrilloidun selluloosan (NFC)-hiilinanoputkikomposiitti-kalvojen hyvä sähkönjohtavuus, joka on korkein kirjallisuudessa ilmoitettu verrattain vähäisellä 16,7 p-% CNT-pitoisuudella. Tämä tulos saavutettiin varioimalla sekä CNT että NFC-CNT dispersion valmistusvaiheessa erityyppisten surfaktanttien pitoisuutta ja tarkastelemalla sonikaatioenergian vaikutusta, niin CNT dispersion laatuun kuin NFC-CNT dispersiosta valmistettujen kalvomuotoisten komposiittien sähkönjohtavuuteen. Komposiittikalvojen prosessoinnissa käytettiin keskipakovoimaa hyödyntävää valmistustekniikkaa ja muodostuneen NFC-CNT komposiitin havaittiin luovan kalvon paksuussuuntaan homogeenisen ja tiiviisti pakkautuneen rakenteen. Suorittamalla valmistetuille komposiittikalvoille jatkokäsittely, missä poistettiin nanomateriaalien rajapinnoilta disperkoinnissa apuna käytetty surfaktantti, saatiin NFC-CNT komposiitin sähkönjohtavuutta edelleen kasvatettua. Lisäksi väitöskirjatutkimuksessa todennetaan ensimmäistä kertaa, että katinoitua nanoselluloosaa (c-CNF) voidaan käyttää hiilinanoputkien disperkoimiseen, jolloin muodostuu homogeeninen ja stabiili c-CNF-CNT dispersio. Merkittäviin tuloksiin voidaan myös lukea havainto nanoselluloosan kokojakaumasta suhteessa hiilinanoputkiin ja sen vaikutuksista sähkönjohtavuusominaisuuksiin, ja lisäksi nanoselluloosan käyttö hiilinanoputkien kantajana esim. vaahtorainauksessa. Väitöskirjatutkimuksen aikana tehtyjen huomioiden ja tulosten pohjalta asetettiin sekä toteutettiin neljäkomponenttisysteemin valmistusprosessin kunnianhimoinen tavoite. Tavoitteena oli valita käytettävä surfaktantti niin, että se toimii sekä stabiilin homogeenisen NFC-CNT dispersion muodostuksessa kuin myös vaahtorainauksen vaahdonmuodostaja. Tällöin käytettävien kemikaalien määrä vähenee selvästi, kun niillä on useampi rooli tasamaisten sekä 3D-komposiittirakenteen valmistusprosessissa. Tämä väitöskirjatutkimus asettaa perustan NC-CNT-komposiittirakenteiden tulevalle tutkimukselle. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin rakenteen ja funktionaalisuuden välinen korrelaatio, että erityisesti selluloosan kokojakaumalla on ratkaiseva rooli optimoidun johtavuuden luomisessa rajoitetulla määrällä hiilinanoputkia, säilyttäen samalla johtavan materiaalin vaaditut mekaaniset lujuusominaisuudet. Oletettavasti vielä korkeammat sähkönjohtavuusarvot voidaan saavuttaa, kun nanoselluloosan pituus-leveyssuhde on optimoitu vastaamaan CNT:n kokoa siten, että NC-pinnat pinnoittuvat hiilinanoputkilla kattavasti muodostaen sähköjohtavan perkolaatioverkon. Huomioitavaa on kuitenkin, että tutkimus keskittyi saavuttamaan erinomaiset sähköiset ominaisuudet NFC-CNT komposiittimateriaalille. Jos taas halutaan optimoida esimerkiksi mekaaniset ominaisuudet, voi nanomateriaalien disperkoimiseen tarvittava energia ja materiaalien keskinäiset kokosuhteet poiketa toisistaan huomattavasti. Tavanomaisesta väitöskirjatutkimuksesta poiketen tutkimuksessa saavutetut tulokset on konkretisoitu, kun niiden pohjalta on valmistettu kahdella eri prosessilla toiminnalliset lämmityselementit. Ensimmäinen lämmityselementti "Salmiakki" on ollut esillä useissa seminaareissa ja messuilla medianäkyvyyden lisäksi. Toinen lämmityselementti pääsi tutkimusmaailmasta lähemmäksi kansaa, kun se implementoitiin osaksi Liune-liukuvaa väliovea ja esiteltiin Lohjan Asuntomessujen 2021 Pyörre -messutalossa.The dissertation research seeks to identify parameters and phenomena that affect the properties of nanocellulose carbon nanotube (NC-CNT) composites, among others, on electrical conductivity. Nanocellulose provides the composite structure with an environmentally friendly, inexpensive, high-strength, dimensional, indigestible, non- toxic non-metallic matrix or it can serve as a carrier for other nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes. The properties of the NC-CNT composite being produced are strongly dependent on the quality of CNT dispersion, the length—width ratio of the nanotubes after the dispersion process, and the strength of the matrix, not forgetting the interactions between carbon nanotubes and nanocellulose matrix. When comparing electrical conductivities of cellulose-CNT composites reported in current scientific literature, it can be stated that several composite structures have an inefficient flow of current. First, conducting particles may not form an efficient percolation network, and second, inadequate distribution procedure results in a composite structure containing agglomerates of conductive particles. The main reason might still be that, in the formed composite structure, insulating matrix material is obstructing the flow of the electrons. These attributes are not thoroughly researched in current scientific literature and are addressed in this thesis. The nanoarchitectonics concept, which utilizes several research fields and technologies to enable the creation of hybrid and composite material systems, has been chosen as an approach to the research. Nanoarchitectonics combines materials science, nanotechnology, and chemistry to overcome the challenges that arise when working with nanomaterials. The research is divided into sections by examining two-, three-, and four-component systems, and identifying which parameters affect interactions between nanomaterials, as well as how the properties of nanocomposites can be further modified even after manufacturing. Throughout the entire dissertation study, a guideline aiming to use only a minimum amount of materials, chemicals, and energy in the manufacture of composites has been followed. The main results include exemplary electrical conductivity of nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC) carbon nanotube composite films, the highest reported in the literature at a comparatively low 16.7 w-% CNT concentration. This result was achieved by varying the concentration of different types of surfactants and looking at the effect of sonication energy, both on CNT dispersion quality and on the electrical conductivity of the film form composites made from NFC-CNT dispersion. In the processing of composite films, a manufacturing technique utilizing centrifugal force was used and the formed NFC-CNT composite was found to create a homogeneous and tightly compressed structure in the thickness direction of the film. Post processing of the prepared composite films, where surfactant assisting dispersing of nanomaterials was removed from interfaces, the electrical conductivity of the NFC-CNT composite was further increased. In addition, the thesis study verified for the first time that cationic cellulose nanofibers (c-CNFs) can be used to disperse carbon nanotubes to form homogeneous and stable c-CNF-CNT dispersion. Notable results can also be attributed to the observation of the size distribution of nanocellulose relative to carbon nanotubes and its effects on electrical conductivity properties, and additionally the use of nanocellulose as a carrier of carbon nanotubes, e.g., in foam forming. Based on the observations and results made during the dissertation study, the ambitious goal of the four component system manufacturing process was set and realized. Goal was to select the surfactant so that it would function both in the formation of stable homogeneous NFC-CNT dispersion and as a foam former in formation process. In this case, the amount of chemicals used is clearly reduced when they play multiple roles in the manufacturing process of flat and 3D composite structures. This thesis research sets the foundation for future research of NC-CNT composite structures. Correlation between structure and functions was observed in this thesis, that especially size distribution of cellulose plays a crucial role in creating optimized conductivity with a limited amount of CNTs, while retaining the required mechanical strength characteristics of the conductive material. It can be expected that even higher electrical conductivity values can be achieved when nanocellulose aspect ratio is optimized to match the size of the CNTs so that NC surfaces are comprehensively coated with carbon nanotubes to form an electrically conductive percolation network. However, it should be noted that the research focused on achieving excellent electrical properties for NFC-CNT composite material, whereas the desire is to optimize, for example, mechanical properties of the composite material, the energy required to disperse used nanomaterials and the size ratios of those materials may differ considerably. As an exception from the usual dissertation work, the results achieved in the study have been concretized when functional heating elements have been produced based on two different processes. The first heating element "Salmiakki" has been featured in several seminars and fairs in addition to media prominence. The second heating element solution got closer to the public from the research world when it was integrated into the Liune sliding door and presented at the "Pyörre" exhibition house of Lohja Housing Fair 2021

    INTER-ENG 2020

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    These proceedings contain research papers that were accepted for presentation at the 14th International Conference Inter-Eng 2020 ,Interdisciplinarity in Engineering, which was held on 8–9 October 2020, in Târgu Mureș, Romania. It is a leading international professional and scientific forum for engineers and scientists to present research works, contributions, and recent developments, as well as current practices in engineering, which is falling into a tradition of important scientific events occurring at Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology in the George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, Romania. The Inter-Eng conference started from the observation that in the 21st century, the era of high technology, without new approaches in research, we cannot speak of a harmonious society. The theme of the conference, proposing a new approach related to Industry 4.0, was the development of a new generation of smart factories based on the manufacturing and assembly process digitalization, related to advanced manufacturing technology, lean manufacturing, sustainable manufacturing, additive manufacturing, and manufacturing tools and equipment. The conference slogan was “Europe’s future is digital: a broad vision of the Industry 4.0 concept beyond direct manufacturing in the company”
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