Topical Conference on the Origin of the Earth

The abstracts are presented on the topic of the origin of the Earth. The subject of planetary evolution from inner solar system plantesimals through the formation and composition of the Earth's atmosphere and the physical structure of the Earth and the Moon is explored in great variety

Origin of the Earth

The subject of planetary evolution from inner solar system planetsimals through the formation and composition of the Earth's atmosphere and the physical structure of the Earth and the Moon is explored.Sponsored by Lunar and Planetary Institute, NASA Johnson Space CenterPARTIAL CONTENTS: Intense Early Bombardment and its Effects on Primordial Earth / D.H. Grinspoon and W.K. Hartmann -- Stabilisation and Evolution of the Continental Lithosphere / C.J. Hawkesworth, R.M. Ellam, F. McDermott, and N.W. Rogers -- Experimental Constraints on the Formation of the Earth's Upper and Lower Mantle / C.T. Herzberg and M.D. Feigenson -- Noble Gas Isotopes in Hawaiian Xenoliths / E. Heusser, T. Kirsten, A. Rocholl, and H. Richter--Mantle Reservoirs / A.W. Hofmann -- Does the Moon Have the Same Composition as the Terrestrial Upper Mantle? / J.H. Jones and L.L. Hood -- Axial Symmetry of Hotspot Isotopic Compositions: A Product of Core-Mantle Chemical Interactions? / J.S. Kargel and K.A. Foland -- Composition of Earth's Inner and Outer Core and Primitive Mantle / J.S. Kargel, D. Musselwhite, J.S. Lewis, and T. Swindle -- Accretion Processes in the Early Solar System on Data of Track Studies of Ordinary Chondrites / L.L. Kashkarov, N.N. Korotkova, A.Ya. Skripnik, and A.K. Lavrukhina -- Effect of Heavy Bombardment on the Chemical Composition of the Early Atmosphere / J.F. Kasting -- Planetesimal Effects on Planet Orbits, Spin, and Heating / W.M. Kaula -- The Formation and Evolution of the Earth's Core: Constraints from High-Pressure Experiments / E. Knittle, Q . Williams, and R. Jeanloz -- Giant Impacts and their Influence on the Early Earth / C. Koeberl and V.L. Sharpton -- Noble Gases in Oceanic Volcanic Rocks and Implications for the Terrestrial Mantle / M.D. Kurz -- Evidence for a Very Ancient Crustal Fragment in the Archean Slave Province / T.M. Kusky, S.A. Bowring, and C. Isachsen -- Numerical Simulation of Three-Body Interactions with an Energy Dissipation Subroutine for Close Encounters Between Two Bodies: Implications for Planetary Accretion and Planetoid Capture Processes / R.J. Malcuit, D.M. Mehringer, and R.R. Winters

Mechanics and Failure of Structured Interfaces

This dissertation concerns heterogeneous, structured interfaces' mechanics and failure, in particular the load response, critical fracture energy and crack kinetics. During the project eight manuscripts have been prepared and submitted to scientific journals. Five of these are included here forming the main body of the dissertation. The topics of these include development and test of a new nano-adhesive based on polymer brushes to bond rubber and metal, a novel peel test specimen comprising a heterogeneous geometry, consequences of zones of weak adhesion, bridging of a support carrier in the bondline, and, macro- and micromechanical behavior of pillar-structured interfaces. Analytical modeling and numerical simulations backed up by experimental testing were used to study these, among others

Sustainable and bio-based food packaging: a review on past and current design innovations

Food loss and waste occur for many reasons, from crop processing to household leftovers. Even though some waste generation is unavoidable, a considerable amount is due to supply chain inefficiencies and damage during transport and handling. Packaging design and materials innovations represent real opportunities to reduce food waste within the supply chain. Besides, changes in people’s lifestyles have increased the demand for high-quality, fresh, minimally processed, and ready-to-eat food products with extended shelf-life, that need to meet strict and constantly renewed food safety regulations. In this regard, accurate monitoring of food quality and spoilage is necessary to diminish both health hazards and food waste. Thus, this work provides an overview of the most recent advances in the investigation and development of food packaging materials and design with the aim to improve food chain sustainability. Enhanced barrier and surface properties as well as active materials for food conservation are reviewed. Likewise, the function, importance, current availability, and future trends of intelligent and smart packaging systems are presented, especially considering biobased sensor development by 3D printing technology. In addition, driving factors affecting fully biobased packaging design and materials development and production are discussed, considering byproducts and waste minimization and revalorization, recyclability, biodegradability, and other possible ends-of-life and their impact on product/package system sustainability.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

Polymer Processing and Surfaces

This book focuses on fundamental and applied research on polymer processing and its effect on the final surface as the optimization of polymer surface properties results in the unique applicability of these over other materials. The development and testing of the next generation of polymeric and composite materials is of particular interest. Special attention is given to polymer surface modification, external stimuli-responsive surfaces, coatings, adhesion, polymer and composites fatigue analysis, evaluation of the surface quality and microhardness, processing parameter optimization, characterization techniques, among others

Reports of planetary geology and geophysics program, 1989

Abstracts of reports from Principal Investigators of NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program are compiled. The research conducted under this program during 1989 is summarized. Each report includes significant accomplishments in the area of the author's funded grant or contract

Handbook for the Alaskan Prospector

It is hoped that this book will be of value to many different classes of men engaged in the search for mineral deposits. These classes might include the experienced practical prospector who would like to learn something of geology; the young geologist who needs information on practical prospecting; the novice who needs a comprehensive reference; and the all around experienced exploration engineer or geologist who might need to refer to some specialized technique, look up a reference in the bibliography, or read a resume of the geology of a particular area, Because this book is aimed at so many different classes, different chapters are written assuming different levels of learning and experience. This, no doubt, will prove troublesome at times, but it is believed to be the best way to insure that the information contained in each chapter will reach with maximum effectiveness the group for whom it is intended.[Part 1. Geology] Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction to Geology; Structure of the Earth: The Study of Geology; the Constitution of the Earth; Earth Movements -- Mineralogy: Introduction; Properties of Minerals; Identification of Minerals by Chemical methods; Blowpipe and Qualitative Tests for Individual Elements; Descriptions of Minerals; Commercial materials and their chief Mineral Sources; Determinative Mineralogy -- The Study of Rocks: Introduction; Igneous Rocks; Sedimentary Rocks; Metamorphic Rocks; Conclusion -- Structural Geology: Original structures; Imposed Structures -- Historical Geology: Introduction; the Cryptozoic (Precambrion) Eon; The Phonerozoic Eon -- Surface Features of the Land, Geomorphology: Introduction; The Fluvial or "Normal" Cycle; The Fluvial Cycle Modified by a Cold Climate; Glaciated Regions; Arid Lands; The Marine Cycle; Underground Solution Processes; Features due to Construct!anal Forces; Physiographic Provinces -- Mineral Deposits: Introduction; Brief Summary of Events in Formation; Metallogenetic Epochs; Metallogenetic Provinces; Classification of Mineral deposits; Controls of Mineralization -- [Part II. Prospecting] Background: The Prospector; Analysis of Present Status of Mining and Prospecting in Alaska; Brief History -- General Prospecting: Definitions; Preliminary to Field Work; Reconnaissance -- Prospecting and Exploration of Lodes: Prospecting; Exploration; Summary of Surface Methods; Underground Openings; Development and Exploitation; Sampling Procedures and Calculating Results; Prospecting and Exploring with Bore Holes -- Diamond Drilling: The Diamond Drill; Casing the Diamond Drill Hole; Core Drilling -- Prospecting and Exploration of Placer Deposits: General; Opencutting; Crosscutting the Creek -- Sinking Placer Prospect Shafts: Sinking shafts in Frozen Ground; Sinking shafts in Thawed Ground -- Drilling Placer Deposits: Introduction; Equipment; Process of Drilling; Keeping Records and Handling Samples; Calculating Drill Holes; Evaluating the Ground -- Geophysical, Geochemical, and Mineralogical Prospecting: Geophysical Methods; GeochemicaiMethods; Mineralogical Prospecting -- Auxiliary Techniques: Surveying and Mapping; Reading Geologic Maps and Aerial Photogrof>hs; Drilling Rock for Blasting; Use of Explosives; Blacksmithing; Use of the Pan and Rocker; Handling Gold; How to Build Various Appliances Used in Prospecting -- Transportation; Clothing; Shelter; Food; Techniques and Equipment Used in Camp Life: Transportation; Communications; Shelter; Food; Clothing -- Elements of Mining Law; Staking Claims: Introduction; History; laws Pertaining to both Lode and Placer; Lodes; Placers; Tunnel Sites; Prospecting Sites; MiIIsites; Water Rights; Liens; Grubstake Agreements; Patenting; Leasing; Licenses and Taxes; Forms; Conclusions -- Geography of Alaska: legal Subdivisions: Subdivisions Based on Geology and Geography; Broad Geographical Features; United States Geological Survey Subdivisions; Chief Transportation and Communication Routes -- Appendix: Sources of Information and Aid to Prospectors; Weights, Measure Sizes; Short Glossary of Alaskan Terms -- Bibliography: Arrangement and Scope of Bibliography; Publications of the United States Geological Survey; United States Bureau of Mines; Bureau of land Management; University of Alaska; Territorial and State; General -- Addendum: Introduction; Notes on Chapters 1, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 -- Additions to Bibliography -- Inde

Eduardo Paolozzi: from utopia to dystopia 1928 - 1958

This thesis explores the early career of Eduardo Paolozzi (1924 – 2005), focusing in particular on his artworks of the 1940s and 1950s. Predominantly known for his post-World War Two activity as an eclectic artist, designer and pedagogue, Paolozzi emerged as an experimental alternative to the modernist formalism of Henry Moore’s generation and remains one of the acknowledged leaders of an artistic movement that helped invigorate the British art scene. The sheer volume and diversity of his creative output, however, its wide-ranging use of descriptive materials and profuse interests, has legitimised the now standard reception of his work as one of wilful, perhaps even whimsical, eclecticism. Thus, he has become simultaneously codified as British artist, child of Surrealism, and ‘father of Pop.’ The thesis presented here intends to offset the standard historiography of Paolozzi’s artistic development, employing instead an interpretation grounded in the artist’s Italian roots and which takes into consideration his exposure to wider avant-garde movements and trends. Such a re-evaluation enables sense to be made of the imagery and ideas present in his work, and gives shape to the superficial incoherence of the ‘fragmentary’ phases apparently marking his output. What emerges is an alternative trajectory, one that moves from the early collages, full of L'Esprit Nouveau and Futuristic enthusiasm for the New World, through his use of Greco-Roman art, mechanisation and Uomo Novo during the years of Fascism, to the more concerted reassessment of the modern post-War world that is embodied in his satirical brutalist sculptures and proto-Pop demythologies, these last works mapping an emergence out of totalitarianism and the rediscovery of ‘democratic and international values.’ In this new analysis, Paolozzi stands as one of the few international figures who consistently developed a mature and idiosyncratic rationale through which a new, non-Fascist modernism was reformulated

Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1990

Abstracts of reports from NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program are presented. Research is documented in summary form of the work conducted. Each report reflects significant accomplishments within the area of the author's funded grant or contract