1,856,992 research outputs found
Accuracy: The fundamental requirement for voting systems
There have been several attempts to develop a comprehensive account of the requirements for voting systems, particularly for public elections. Typically, these approaches identify a number of "high level" principals which are then refined either into more detailed statements or more formal constructs. Unfortunately, these approaches do not acknowledge the complexity and diversity of the contexts in which voting takes place. This paper takes a different approach by arguing that the only requirement for a voting system is that it is accurate. More detailed requirements can then be derived from this high level requirement for the particular context in which the system is implemented and deployed. A general, formal high level model for voting systems and their context is proposed. Several related definitions of accuracy for voting systems are then developed, illustrating how the term "accuracy" is in interpreted in different contexts. Finally, a context based requirement for voting system privacy is investigated as an example of deriving a subsidiary requirement from the high level requirement for accuracy
Classification of integrable two-component Hamiltonian systems of hydrodynamic type in 2+1 dimensions
Hamiltonian systems of hydrodynamic type occur in a wide range of
applications including fluid dynamics, the Whitham averaging procedure and the
theory of Frobenius manifolds. In 1+1 dimensions, the requirement of the
integrability of such systems by the generalised hodograph transform implies
that integrable Hamiltonians depend on a certain number of arbitrary functions
of two variables. On the contrary, in 2+1 dimensions the requirement of the
integrability by the method of hydrodynamic reductions, which is a natural
analogue of the generalised hodograph transform in higher dimensions, leads to
finite-dimensional moduli spaces of integrable Hamiltonians. In this paper we
classify integrable two-component Hamiltonian systems of hydrodynamic type for
all existing classes of differential-geometric Poisson brackets in 2D,
establishing a parametrisation of integrable Hamiltonians via
elliptic/hypergeometric functions. Our approach is based on the Godunov-type
representation of Hamiltonian systems, and utilises a novel construction of
Godunov's systems in terms of generalised hypergeometric functions.Comment: Latex, 34 page
On Classification of Integrable Davey-Stewartson Type Equations
This paper is devoted to the classification of integrable Davey-Stewartson type equations. A list of potentially deformable dispersionless systems is obtained through the requirement that such systems must be generated by a polynomial dispersionless Lax pair. A perturbative approach based on the method of hydrodynamic reductions is employed to recover the integrable systems along with their Lax pairs. Some of the found systems seem to be new
Real-Time Systems: Reflections on higher education in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia
Real-time systems (An ICT definition)\ud
In real-time multiprocessing there is the extra requirement that the system complete its response to any input within a certain critical time. This poses additional problems, particularly in situations where the system is heavily loaded and is subject to many\ud
simultaneous demands. Real-time systems are always dedicated. Most systems are not real-time
State of Iowa Public Drinking Water Program 2003 Annual Compliance Report, June 2004
This report contains information about Iowa's public drinking water program for the calendar year 2003. Included in the report are descriptions of Iowa's systems, monitoring and reporting requirements of the systems, and violations incurred during the year.
This report meets the federal Safe Drinking Water Act's requirement of an annual report on violations of national primary drinking water regulations by public water supply systems in Iowa
Is classical reality completely deterministic?
The concept of determinism for a classical system is interpreted as the
requirement that the solution to the Cauchy problem for the equations of motion
governing this system be unique. This requirement is generally assumed to hold
for all autonomous classical systems. We give counterexamples of this view. Our
analysis of classical electrodynamics in a world with one temporal and one
spatial dimension shows that the solution to the Cauchy problem with the
initial conditions of a particular type is not unique. Therefore, random
behavior of closed classical systems is indeed possible. This finding provides
a qualitative explanation of how classical strings can split. We propose a
modified path integral formulation of classical mechanics to include
indeterministic systems.Comment: Replace the paper with a revised versio
An ultradiscrete matrix version of the fourth Painleve equation
We establish a matrix generalization of the ultradiscrete fourth Painlev\'e
equation (ud-PIV). Well-defined multicomponent systems that permit
ultradiscretization are obtained using an approach that relies on a group
defined by constraints imposed by the requirement of a consistent evolution of
the systems. The ultradiscrete limit of these systems yields coupled
multicomponent ultradiscrete systems that generalize ud-PIV. The dynamics,
irreducibility, and integrability of the matrix valued ultradiscrete systems
are studied.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures, Latex2e, Submitted to J. Phys. A, corrections
mad
Construction of aggregation operators with noble reinforcement
This paper examines disjunctive aggregation operators used in various recommender systems. A specific requirement in these systems is the property of noble reinforcement: allowing a collection of high-valued arguments to reinforce each other while avoiding reinforcement of low-valued arguments. We present a new construction of Lipschitz-continuous aggregation operators with noble reinforcement property and its refinements. <br /
- …