Designing materials for electrochemical carbon dioxide recycling

Electrochemical carbon dioxide recycling provides an attractive approach to synthesizing fuels and chemical feedstocks using renewable energy. On the path to deploying this technology, basic and applied scientific hurdles remain. Integrating catalytic design with mechanistic understanding yields scientific insights and progresses the technology towards industrial relevance. Catalysts must be able to generate valuable carbon-based products with better selectivity, lower overpotentials and improved current densities with extended operation. Here, we describe progress and identify mechanistic questions and performance metrics for catalysts that can enable carbon-neutral renewable energy storage and utilization

Climate policy costs of spatially unbalanced growth in electricity demand: the case of datacentres. ESRI Working Paper No. 657 March 2020

We investigate the power system implications of the anticipated expansion in electricity demand by datacentres. We perform a joint optimisation of Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning considering uncertainty in future datacentre growth under various climate policies. Datacentre expansion imposes significant extra costs on the power system, even under the cheapest policy option. A renewable energy target is more costly than a technology-neutral carbon reduction policy, and the divergence in costs increases non-linearly in electricity demand. Moreover, a carbon reduction policy is more robust to uncertainties in projected demand than a renewable policy. High renewable targets crowd out other low-carbon options such as Carbon Capture and Sequestration. The results suggest that energy policy should be reviewed to focus on technology-neutral carbon reduction policies

SOBER ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY AND VEHICLE-TO-GRID TECHNOLOGIES IN UKRAINE

Estimate economical rationale of vehicle-to-grid technology (V2G) in Ukraine in with and without renewable energy systems

Silicon as an intermediary between renewable energy and hydrogen

Non-renewable energy sources are becoming depleted. Air and water (our environment) are precious and will be under increased jeopardy without effective energy and environmental policies. A hydrogen technology based upon solar energy represents a viable solution to these problems. Silicon successfully functions as a tailor-made intermediate linking decentrally operating renewable energy-generation technology with equally decentrally organised hydrogen-based infrastructure at any location of choice. The transport and storage of silicon are free from potential hazards and/or high energy losses and require a simple infrastructure similar to that needed for coal. --

Global patterns of renewable energy innovation, 1990–2009

Cost-effective approaches to mitigating climate change depend on advances in clean energy technologies, such as solar and wind power. Given increased technology innovation in developing countries, led by China, we focus our attention on global patterns of renewable energy innovation. Utilizing highly valuable international patents as our indicator of innovation, we examine the economic and political determinants of energy innovation in 74 countries across the world, 1990–2009. We find that high oil prices and domestic renewable electricity generation capacity both increase innovation. There is no effect for corruption, but our findings suggest that democratic institutions may contribute to innovation. The main implication of our work for policymakers is that increasing renewable electricity capacity in developing countries could significantly contribute to global innovation in renewable energy

Output characteristics of tidal current power stations

With increasing targets being set for renewable-derived electricity generation, wind power is currently the preferred technology. It is widely accepted that due to the stochastic nature of wind, there is an upper limit to the capacity that can be accommodated within the electricity network before power quality is impeded. This paper demonstrates the potential of tidal energy as a predictable renewable technologies that can be developed for base load power generation and thus minimise the risk of compromising future power quality

The Viability of Interstate Collaboration in the Absence of Federal Climate Change Legislation

Torrefaction of biomass together with gasification in entrained-flow reactors is a new possible way of producing synthesis gas. The synthesis gas can later be used for the production of renewable liquid fuels. This is highly desirable since the transport sector consumes a high amount of fossil fuels that has to be exchanged for renewable fuels in the future. It is hard to tell if the technology above is an advantageous way or not to produce synthesis gas since it is very newly developed. A lot of obstacles exist such as the injection of the torrefied wood into the gasifier, the optimization of the ash flow down the entrained flow reactor and the high energy consumption of the drying. Investigation in the form of material and energy balances shows that the system can have as high energy efficiency as 73% and cold gas efficiency of 74% which is only slightly less then what the fluid-bed gasification has. Torrefaction and gasification developers allocate huge amount of money to develop torrefaction and entrained-flow gasification units. Interviews show that many experts believe that the technology will be commercial and used to produce renewable liquid fuels in the future

From laggard to leader: explaining offshore wind developments in the UK

Offshore wind technology has recently undergone rapid deployment in the UK. And yet, up until recently, the UK was considered a laggard in terms of deploying renewable energy. How can this burst of offshore wind activity be explained? An economic analysis would seek signs for newfound competitiveness for offshore wind in energy markets. A policy analysis would highlight renewable energy policy developments and assess their contribution to economic prospects of offshore wind. However, neither perspective sheds sufficient light on the advocacy of the actors involved in the development and deployment of the technology. Without an account of technology politics it is hard to explain continuing policy support despite rising costs. By analysing the actor networks and narratives underpinning policy support for offshore wind, we explain how a fairly effective protective space was constructed through the enroling of key political and economic interests