4,719 research outputs found
Estimating Carotid Pulse and Breathing Rate from Near-infrared Video of the Neck
Objective: Non-contact physiological measurement is a growing research area
that allows capturing vital signs such as heart rate (HR) and breathing rate
(BR) comfortably and unobtrusively with remote devices. However, most of the
approaches work only in bright environments in which subtle
photoplethysmographic and ballistocardiographic signals can be easily analyzed
and/or require expensive and custom hardware to perform the measurements.
Approach: This work introduces a low-cost method to measure subtle motions
associated with the carotid pulse and breathing movement from the neck using
near-infrared (NIR) video imaging. A skin reflection model of the neck was
established to provide a theoretical foundation for the method. In particular,
the method relies on template matching for neck detection, Principal Component
Analysis for feature extraction, and Hidden Markov Models for data smoothing.
Main Results: We compared the estimated HR and BR measures with ones provided
by an FDA-cleared device in a 12-participant laboratory study: the estimates
achieved a mean absolute error of 0.36 beats per minute and 0.24 breaths per
minute under both bright and dark lighting.
Significance: This work advances the possibilities of non-contact
physiological measurement in real-life conditions in which environmental
illumination is limited and in which the face of the person is not readily
available or needs to be protected. Due to the increasing availability of NIR
imaging devices, the described methods are readily scalable.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figure
A Reproducible Study on Remote Heart Rate Measurement
This paper studies the problem of reproducible research in remote
photoplethysmography (rPPG). Most of the work published in this domain is
assessed on privately-owned databases, making it difficult to evaluate proposed
algorithms in a standard and principled manner. As a consequence, we present a
new, publicly available database containing a relatively large number of
subjects recorded under two different lighting conditions. Also, three
state-of-the-art rPPG algorithms from the literature were selected, implemented
and released as open source free software. After a thorough, unbiased
experimental evaluation in various settings, it is shown that none of the
selected algorithms is precise enough to be used in a real-world scenario
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