State of the art quantum computing architectures are founded on the decision
to use scalable but faulty quantum hardware in conjunction with an efficient
error correcting code capable of tolerating high error rates. The promised
effect of this decision is that the first large-scale practical quantum
computer is within reach. Coming to grips with the strategy and the challenges
of preparing reliable executions of an arbitrary quantum computation is not
difficult. Moreover, the article explains why defects are good.Comment: preprint of the paper from XRD

Fowler, Austin G.