Quantifying Information Leaks Using Reliability Analysis

acmid: 2632367 keywords: Model Counting, Quantitative Information Flow, Reliability Analysis, Symbolic Execution location: San Jose, CA, USA numpages: 4acmid: 2632367 keywords: Model Counting, Quantitative Information Flow, Reliability Analysis, Symbolic Execution location: San Jose, CA, USA numpages: 4acmid: 2632367 keywords: Model Counting, Quantitative Information Flow, Reliability Analysis, Symbolic Execution location: San Jose, CA, USA numpages: 4We report on our work-in-progress into the use of reliability analysis to quantify information leaks. In recent work we have proposed a software reliability analysis technique that uses symbolic execution and model counting to quantify the probability of reaching designated program states, e.g. assert violations, under uncertainty conditions in the environment. The technique has many applications beyond reliability analysis, ranging from program understanding and debugging to analysis of cyber-physical systems. In this paper we report on a novel application of the technique, namely Quantitative Information Flow analysis (QIF). The goal of QIF is to measure information leakage of a program by using information-theoretic metrics such as Shannon entropy or Renyi entropy. We exploit the model counting engine of the reliability analyzer over symbolic program paths, to compute an upper bound of the maximum leakage over all possible distributions of the confidential data. We have implemented our approach into a prototype tool, called QILURA, and explore its effectiveness on a number of case studie

The reliability of chiropractic methods used for the detection of spinal subluxation: An Overview of the literature

A Literature review was conducted to investigate the methods commonly used to detect chiropractic "subluxation". None were found to show irrefutable reliability and validity. Keywords: Chiropractic, subluxation, literature review, diagnosis, reliability, validity

Comparisons of ELISA and Western blot assays for detection of autophagy flux

We analyzed autophagy/mitophagy flux in vitro (C2C12 myotubes) and in vivo (mouse skeletal muscle) following the treatments of autophagy inducers (starvation, rapamycin) and a mitophagy inducer (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, CCCP) using two immunodetection methods, ELISA and Western blotting, and compared their working range, accuracy, and reliability. The ELISAs showed a broader working range than that of the LC3 Western blots (Table 1). Table 2 showed that data value distribution was tighter and the average standard error from the ELISA was much smaller than those of the Western blot, directly relating to the accuracy of the assay. Test-retest reliability analysis showed good reliability for three individual ELISAs (interclass correlation, ≥ 0.7), but poor reliability for three individual Western blots (interclass correlation, ≤ 0.4) (Table 3). Keywords: Autophagy, Mitophagy, ELISA, Western blot, Skeletal muscl

IS SOCIAL CAPITAL REALLY CAPITAL?

Social capital in the past two decades has emerged as a dominant paradigm in the various social science disciplines. However, its adoption by the different social science disciplines has led to multiple and often conflicting definitions of social capital. Some differences in the definition of social capital can be explained because scientists have included in the definition expressions of its possible uses, where it resides, and how its service capacity can be changed. This paper defends the social capital metaphor by pointing out that social capital has many important capital-like properties including service potential, durability, flexibility, substitutability, opportunities for decay (maintenance), reliability, ability to create other capital forms, and investment (disinvestment) opportunities. Social capital is compared to other forms of capital including cultural capital and human capital. Keywords: social capital, cultural capital, human capital, physical/financial capital, service potential, durability, flexibility, substitutability, decay (maintenance), reliability, investment (disinvestment)social capital, cultural capital, human capital, physical/financial capital, service potential, durability, flexibility, substitutability, decay (maintenance), reliability, investment (disinvestment), Institutional and Behavioral Economics,

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS QUALITY SYSTEM OF STUDENT INFORMATION PROCESSING DATA NEW STUDENT SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 3 YOGYAKARTA

This research aims to design and analyze websites new Student Information System Acceptance SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta with PHP and MySQL that can manage data on the implementation of the prospective student Admission. This research is Research and Development. This website development method using modified waterfall. Tests carried out to test the quality of the website System Information by Olsina (1998), namely correctness, functionality, reliability, efficiency, maintainability, and usability. Correctness quality obtained with white-box testing (testing Looping) and black box (Graph-based testing). The quality of the obtained functionality testing State Transition Testing. Reliability Testing Load testing obtained from 30 students to enter data, and editing data and deletion of data. Efficiency assessment obtained by recording the time it takes to open a page devoted. Maintainability obtained from Cross-browser testing. Obtained from Alpa Usability testing by a team of expert website and beta testing by admin, user1, and guest. Data analysis techniques used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis. The results mennunjukkan that Admission Information System SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta can be developed and be able to perform data processing of new students of SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta. Assessment obtained information systems Admission SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta meet quality testing correctness Graph-Based and Looping testing. Admission Information Systems SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta assessed for each criterion usability. Assessment of quality functionality Admission Information Systems SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta run well on testing State transition testing. Response time performance testing conducted by Information Systems and response pages less than 2 seconds so that said system meets the quality efficiency by Shneiderman. Maintainability testing done with cross browser testing and obtained system is capable of running on Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Internet Explorer. Keywords: Information Systems, correctness, Usability, Functionality, Reliability, Efficiency, Maintainabilit

Market Design for Generation Adequacy: Healing Causes rather than Symptoms

Keywords JEL Classification This paper argues that electricity market reform – particularly the need for complementary mechanisms to remunerate capacity – need to be analysed in the light of the local regulatory and institutional environment. If there is a lack of investment, the priority should be to identify the roots of the problem. The lack of demand side response, short-term reliability management procedures and uncompetitive ancillary services procurement often undermine market reflective scarcity pricing and distort long-term investment incentives. The introduction of a capacity mechanism should come as an optional supplement to wholesale and ancillary markets improvements. Priority reforms should focus on encouraging demand side responsiveness and reducing scarcity price distortions introduced by balancing and congestion management through better dialog between network engineers and market operators. electricity market, generation adequacy, market design, capacity mechanis

An architecture for the automated detection of textual indicators of reflection

Manual annotation of evidence of reflection expressed in texts is time consuming, especially as fine-grained models of reflection require extensive training of coders, otherwise resulting in low inter-coder reliability. Automated reflection detection provides a solution to this problem. Within this paper, a new basic architecture for detecting evidence of reflection is proposed that allows for automated marking up of written accounts of certain, observable elements of reflection. Furthermore, three promising example annotators of elements of reflection are identified, implemented, and demonstrated: detecting reflective keywords, premise and conclusions of arguments, and questions. It appears that automated detection of reflections bears the potential to support learning with technology at least on three levels: it can foster creating awareness of the reflectivity of own writings, it can help in becoming aware of reflective writings of others, and it can make visible reflective writings of learning networks as a whole