THE PRICE DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGY FOR MULTI-SEGMENT MARKET: CASE STUDY IN AN INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING COMPANY

The global market gives opportunities to the shipping company to develop its business, such as the larger market, the addition of new routes, the broader port of destinations, and the development of services. It will give effect to the increase in the number of markets served. Generally, shipping companies have a multi-segment market and apply specific strategies for each segment. One is the pricing strategy. To be more focus on each segment and able to serve it best, the company should define the appropriate price (rate) policy for every market segment. A study has been carried out at PT X, an international shipping company at Surabaya. As a world-wide company PT X has shipping service to various ports of destination around the world. From observation it was known that the company applies different pricing strategies for each segment of its market, like contract rate, negotiated rate, market rate, etc. Each strategy has certain advantages for its market segment and the company determines specific requirements for this strategy. Through those strategies a multi-segment market could be served well in accordance with the characteristics of each segment. It will provide benefits for the company, such as establishment and maintenance of good and profitable relations with customers

Thermal study of a transport container

A thermal study of a container for international transport has been carried out in order to determine the temperature distributions. Several experimental conditions such as cooling modes, the onset of defrosting, the existence of cargo inside the container and two varying set points have been evaluated. It was observed that the difference between the temperature inside the container and the set point raised up to 30% of ambient temperature. Moreover, it was observed that the modulated cooling allowed to obtain a more homogeneous refrigeration. However, temperature differences up to 8 °C were observed under on–off control cooling

The Impact of Technological Change on New Trade: Evidence from the Container Revolution

This paper exploits exogenous features of the 1960s/70s container revolution to estimate the impact of the introduction of refrigerated containers (or reefers) on new trade of temperature sensitive products. Our identification strategy is justified by a historical narrative which suggests that the containerization of bilateral trading routes was exogenous to the growth of trade in ‘reefer commodities' and stimulated trade in non-traditional (exotic) non-bulk commodities such as pharmaceuticals, photo film and sensitive instruments. Our study combines previously collected data on variations in the container usage on bilateral trade routes with newly collected data on temperature sensitivity and applies them to 5-digit product level trade flows. Our benchmark estimates suggest that the introduction of reefer containers caused an increase in the likelihood of new trade in temperature sensitive products of 9% during 1968 and 1973 and 13% between 1968 and 1978

Studi Distribusi Udara Pendingin Reefer Container Ikan pada Kereta Api Menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Ikan sensitif terhadap temperatur penyimpanan. Temperatur diatas 2 °C dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan bakteri dan menyebabkan pembusukan. Temperatur optimal penyimpanan ikan beku adalah -20 °C. Reefer container dengan sistem pendinginan tertutup berfungsi untuk mengawetkan dengan menjaga temperatur ikan beku. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah distribusi udara dingin yang tidak merata di reefer container kereta api karena perbedaan pendinginan sehingga dapat menurunkan kualitas ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan pemerataan distribusi udara, kecepatan, dan tekanan di reefer container kereta api. Solusi permasalahannya adalah penambahan pelat pengarah di bagian t-floor reefer container kereta api. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis dan simulasi numerik reefer container kereta api menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Reefer container tanpa pelat pengarah disimulasikan untuk mengetahui area reefer container kereta api yang tidak terdistribusi merata. Distribusi udara pada reefer container kereta api ditingkatkan pemerataannya dengan penambahan pelat pengarah variasi sudut 40°, 50°, dan 60°. Penelitian ini menghasilkan data vektor kecepatan aliran udara (velocity contour & pressure contour of the reefer container) serta data kecepatan rata-rata dan tekanan rata-rata reefer container kereta api. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan data distribusi udara, kecepatan, dan tekanan yang merata adalah reefer container kereta api dengan pelat pengarah 40⁰. Fishes are sensitive to storage temperature. Temperatures above 2 °C can accelerate bacterial growth and cause decay. The optimal temperature for storing frozen fish is -20 °C. Reefer containers with a closed cooling system function to preserve by maintaining the temperature of frozen fish. The problem of this research is the uneven distribution of cold air in the reefer container of the train due to differences in cooling which can reduce the quality of fish. The purpose of this research is to increase the even distribution of air, velocity, and pressure in the reefer container of the train. The solution to the problem is the addition of a guide plate on the t-floor in the reefer container. This research method is through the analysis and simulation of reefer containers of the train fluids using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Reefer containers without guide plates are simulated to find out the areas of reefer containers of the train that are not evenly distributed. Equal distribution of air in reefer containers of the train is improved by adding guide plates with variations of angles of 40°, 50°, and 60°. This research produces vector data of airflow velocity (velocity contour & pressure contour of the reefer container) as well as data on the average velocity and average pressure of the reefer container. The results showed that the air distribution, velocity, and pressure data were evenly distributed in a reefer container of the train with a 40⁰ guide plate

A Decomposed Fourier-Motzkin Elimination Framework to Derive Vessel Capacity Models

Accurate Vessel Capacity Models (VCMs) expressing thetrade-off between different container types that can be stowed on containervessels are required in core liner shipping functions such as uptake-,capacity-, and network management. Today, simple models based on volume,weight, and refrigerated container capacity are used for these tasks,which causes overestimations that hamper decision making. Though previouswork on stowage planning optimization in principle provide finegrainedlinear Vessel Stowage Models (VSMs), these are too complexto be used in the mentioned functions. As an alternative, this papercontributes a novel framework based on Fourier-Motzkin Eliminationthat automatically derives VCMs from VSMs by projecting unneededvariables. Our results show that the projected VCMs are reduced byan order of magnitude and can be solved 20–34 times faster than theircorresponding VSMs with only a negligible loss in accuracy. Our frameworkis applicable to LP models in general, but are particularly effectiveon block-angular structured problems such as VSMs. We show similarresults for a multi-commodity flow problem

Maritime Commerce in Greater Philadelphia: Assessing Industry Trends and Growth Opportunities for Delaware River Ports

Maritime Commerce in Greater Philadelphia: Assessing Industry Trends and Growth Opportunities for Delaware River Ports is an evaluation of existing port conditions along the Delaware River and market-driven opportunities for expansion. The report includes an economic impact analysis, Delaware River port descriptions, global trends, and recommended strategies for ports growth. Key findings include:Region-wide port activity generates $69 million in tax revenues for state governments across Greater Philadelphia and more than$11 million in Philadelphia Wage Tax revenues.Each on-site port job supports two jobs from port activity and employee spending. Total regional port-related employment is 12,000+ jobs.Delaware River ports import nearly 1/2 of the nation's cocoa beans, almost 1/3 of the bananas, and a 1/4 of all fruit and nuts.Growing maritime commerce in Greater Philadelphia will require collaboration among Delaware River ports to leverage existing strengths and strategically invest in regional infrastructure improvements