6,412 research outputs found
The Legal Architecture of Virtual Stories: World Wide Web Sites and the Uniform Commercial Code
âVirtual Storesâ on the Web raise a myriad of traditional legal controversies in a new forum: the âbattle of the formsâ among purchasers and sellers; jurisdictional concerns and conflict-of-law problems; and the enforceability of contracts. This wide-ranging article analyzes law regarding these issues, with particular emphasis on the U.C.C
Saving time, saving money, saving the planet, 'one gift at a time': a practice-centred exploration of free online reuse exchange
Online reuse networks seek to reduce waste by connecting people who have something they no longer want with others who might have a use for it. The intention is that 'everyone wins': givers are saved the hassle of disposal, recipients save money and the ecological burden of consumption is eased. Existing research has tended to focus on individuals' motivations for involvement. As part of a wider study of how alternative consumption practices become embedded in everyday life, this paper follows a different line of enquiry, taking its orientation from how theories of practice conceptualise what people do and how this changes. The initial emphasis is on establishing 'what sort of practice' free online reuse is, what makes it different from other ways of acquiring and disposing, and on identifying its constituent materials, competences and meanings. The focus then shifts to how these elements are variably integrated in the performance of reuse. First, what are the implications for how people go about giving and receiving when small details are changed relative to other similar practices? Findings suggest that technologically mediated reuse 'communities' connect some people but exclude others. Eliminating money from the exchange process gives participants access to goods they would otherwise struggle to afford, but at the same time raises questions as to how goods are allocated, potentially privileging other unequally distributed material and cultural resources. Second, the meanings of reuse vary from context to context, in turn corresponding to different kinds of performance. Any given performance can, meanwhile, belong to a number of different practices at the same time
Recommender Systems for Online and Mobile Social Networks: A survey
Recommender Systems (RS) currently represent a fundamental tool in online
services, especially with the advent of Online Social Networks (OSN). In this
case, users generate huge amounts of contents and they can be quickly
overloaded by useless information. At the same time, social media represent an
important source of information to characterize contents and users' interests.
RS can exploit this information to further personalize suggestions and improve
the recommendation process. In this paper we present a survey of Recommender
Systems designed and implemented for Online and Mobile Social Networks,
highlighting how the use of social context information improves the
recommendation task, and how standard algorithms must be enhanced and optimized
to run in a fully distributed environment, as opportunistic networks. We
describe advantages and drawbacks of these systems in terms of algorithms,
target domains, evaluation metrics and performance evaluations. Eventually, we
present some open research challenges in this area
A plan for the establishment of a national bibliographic network for Kuwait in the light of international and local standards
This research was carried out in order to gather information on the current situation and
practices of libraries in Kuwait so as to investigate the possibly of designing a model for
establishment of a national bibliographic network in the State of Kuwait. As context for the
research, background is provided on national bibliographic networks in developed countries and
in the Arab World, together with consideration of the role of a national library in such a network.
In order to gather data, three questionnaire surveys (for library administrators, cataloguers and
automation specialists) were distributed to all types of libraries in Kuwait. Information was
sought on the composition and training of staff, the nature and extent of library resources and
databases, the degree of automation of systems and services, and the nature of co-operation and
resource sharing. Opinions were also sought on the feasibility of establishing centralised
cataloguing and the implementation of a national bibliographic network. Follow-up interviews
were also carried out, and professionals in both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia were consulted for
advice on practical solutions and recommendations for an effective national bibliographic
network.
The findings of the questionnaire surveys indicated some deficiencies that Kuwait libraries face:
the absence of a leadership role by the national library; lack of a deposit law for national
publications that would ensure a collection that would provide central focal point for a national
information infrastructure; coverage by the national bibliography is neither comprehensive nor
adequate; there are no formal systems of co-operation for resource sharing; implementation of
standards for bibliographic services has been ineffective; many libraries still lack automated
systems; lack of professional staff was noted by all sectors. Nevertheless, respondents were
positive in their concern for needing strong leadership, adequate financial support for the national
library, and expressed a desire for co-operation, which was felt to be possible even under the
current circumstances. Based on the findings of the survey and experience described in the
literature, it is concluded that a national library is the most appropriate body to develop and
maintain the bibliographic databases that would be the centre of national bibliographic network.
A model for such a network is presented, discussing the links to different libraries in the country
and the duties and responsibilities of the national and other libraries in attaining successful
functioning of the network. Recommendations are made for the functioning of the proposed
national bibliographic network
George Washingtonâs Attorneys: The Political Selection of United States Attorneys at the Founding
This Article examines the relationship between the Nationâs first President and the selection of United States Attorneys. It argues that politics played an important, if not primary, role in the Presidentâs selections. George Washington sought those who would represent the governmentâs interests, adhere to the governmentâs policies, and advance Washingtonâs political goals. His selections also demonstrated Washingtonâs requirement of loyalty to America. In this respect, the politicization of United States Attorneys occurred at the outset. Part I of this Article defines politicization and identifies its four aspects. Part II describes the United States Attorney position as understood through the 1789 Judiciary Act and state experience. Part III examines how Washingtonâs selections and selection process included three of the four politicization categories. The concluding Section briefly explores the ramifications of politicization and its potential benefits in todayâs prosecutorial environmen
In Trusts We Trust: Pension Funds Between Social Protection and Financial Speculation.
les rĂ©formes europĂ©ennes des retraites ont pris pour rĂ©fĂ©rence le systĂšme amĂ©ricain. cet article propose de comprendre les origines d'une telle croyance persistante dans les vertus des fonds de pension. l'analyse met en Ă©vidence le rĂŽle jouĂ© par leur structure juridique, le trust, dans la lĂ©gitimation de la "pension industry".Recent reforms of European pension schemes have largely taken the American system as a reference.The remarks which follow are aimed at understanding the origins of such a persistent belief in the virtues of the pension funds. The analysis brings out the role played by their legal structure, the trust, in the legitimisation of the âpension industryFonds de pension; Trust;
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