The role of information alignment and entrepreneurial traits on SME internationalization: a conceptual framework

Purpose – The paper aims to explore the internationalisation decision-making of small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owner/managers. Specifically, structural alignment theory (SAT) and regulatory focus theory (RFT) are utilised to examine the concept of opportunity recognition in the context of internationalisation choices. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is conceptual in nature, and an integrative cognitive model of internationalisation choice decisions is developed based on SAT and RFT, underpinned by a critical review of the international entrepreneurship (IE) literature. Findings – Scenarios are identified in which the structure of available information may affect the decision-evaluation process in terms of cognitive resource requirements. Further, the SME owner/manager’s motivational goal orientation is suggested to moderate the role of the information structure in line with IE literature. A conceptual model and propositions are presented. Research limitations/implications – The conceptual model and the propositions arising from the discussion in this paper offer new directions of research to explore SME internationalisation. Originality/value – This paper offers a cognitive perspective of SME internationalisation. This paper offers insights for policymakers, SME owner/managers, practitioners and researchers alike. For internationalisation decisions, this paper highlights the potential impact of the structure of information that is made available to SME owner/managers by industry or policy bodies; further, the moderating influence of motivational goal orientation may inform policy on how information should be presented to SME owner/managers to aid their decision-making.</p

Efektivitas Media Cetak Sebagai Fungsi Evaluasi Program Humas Di Polda Sulut

The effectiveness of printed media as the public relations program evaluation function in North Sulawesi Police. Introduction: Evaluation is a very important point to performed well in a company or government institutions as useful as a measure of the organization what has been and would be undertaken in order to achieve or success of that organization public relations program evaluating task of a PR every organization that is often done using of media such as printed media, media evaluation, so that wasted no energy, time and cost. Among the media, print of media which are often used to evaluate public relations programs because printed media is media that is one-way communication only. How the public relation program can evaluate if the media used is not able to create the effect of community, whereas the effect or reciprocal from society is becoming an important thing in evaluating the public relations. Methods: This study used a descriptive method and USAbility and the effect theory. Result: Print media is used to perform the evaluation function of public relations programs in North Sulawesi Police not effective due to the print media to be one-way communication only so it does not raises the reciprocal effect from community. Suggestion: in order to run an effective public relations evaluation function should use media that can cause effects or reciprocal of the community as a measure of whether the public relations program can be accepted and implemented by the community

Rate-dependent and antiarrhythmic reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) effects of simvastatin in isolated rabbit atrioventricular nodal model

Background and purpose: Several previous studies have shown the direct and indirect effects of statins on supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmia. The purpose of the present study is to determine (1) whether Simvastatin modifies the rate-dependent properties of the AV node, (2) to what extent such changes are related to effect of Simvastatin on the basic properties of AV nodal conduction and refractoriness. Materials and methods: AV nodal refractoriness (AVERP & AVFRP) and rate dependency protocols Fatigue and Facilitation were used to assesse the electrophysiological properties of AV node. We used an isolated perfussed rabbit with AV nodal preparation in one group (N=8). The stimulation protocols were carried out during control phase and in the presence of various concentrations of Simvastatin (0.5 , 0.8 , 1, 3 ,10 μm). Results: Simvastatin in concentration-dependent manner successfully prolonged effective and functional nodal refractory period (AVERP & AVFRP). Also an increase in Wenckebach cycle length was observed. Simvastatin in high concentration (3,10 μm) increases the arrhythmia threshold. Various concentrations of simvastatin increased fatigue, but it reached to significant level only at 30 μM. Conclusion: Simvastatin has potential anti-AVNRT effects by elevating arrhythmia threshold and prolongation of nodal refractoriness

Context-Awareness Enhances 5G Multi-Access Edge Computing Reliability

The fifth generation (5G) mobile telecommunication network is expected to support Multi- Access Edge Computing (MEC), which intends to distribute computation tasks and services from the central cloud to the edge clouds. Towards ultra-responsive, ultra-reliable and ultra-low-latency MEC services, the current mobile network security architecture should enable a more decentralized approach for authentication and authorization processes. This paper proposes a novel decentralized authentication architecture that supports flexible and low-cost local authentication with the awareness of context information of network elements such as user equipment and virtual network functions. Based on a Markov model for backhaul link quality, as well as a random walk mobility model with mixed mobility classes and traffic scenarios, numerical simulations have demonstrated that the proposed approach is able to achieve a flexible balance between the network operating cost and the MEC reliability.Comment: Accepted by IEEE Access on Feb. 02, 201

Self-consistent solutions to the intersubband rate equations in quantum cascade lasers: Analysis of a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs device

The carrier transition rates and subband populations for a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade laser operating in the mid-infrared frequency range are calculated by solving the rate equations describing the electron densities in each subband self-consistently. These calculations are repeated for a range of temperatures from 20 to 300 K. The lifetime of the upper laser level found by this self-consistent method is then used to calculate the gain for this range of temperatures. At a temperature of 77 K, the gain of the laser is found to be 34 cm(-1)/(kA/cm(-2)), when only electron–longitudinal-optical phonon transitions are considered in the calculation. The calculated gain decreases to 19.6 cm(-1)/(kA/cm(-2)) when electron–electron transition rates are included, thus showing their importance in physical models of these devices. Further analysis shows that thermionic emission could be occurring in real devices. © 2001 American Institute of Physics

Studi Sistem Pencahayaan Dan Penghawaan Alami Pada Tipologi Underground Building

Karya tulis ini berisikan kajian studi sistem pencahayaan alami dan penghawaan alami pada bangunan yang bertipologi underground building atau bangunan bawah tanah. Dalam hal ini underground building bukan merupakan bangunan yang tertutup sepenuhnya dari ruang luar melainkan bangunan yang kuat dan tahan air, yang dilindungi, dan ditutupi dengan tanah dan berbagai tanaman sehingga erat hubungannya dengan green architecture. Underground building sering dikaitkan dengan 2 (dua) masalah penting, yaitu bagaimana mendapatkan pencahayaan yang alami dan bagaimana mendapatkan penghawaan yang alami mengingat posisi bangunan yang tertutup dengan tanah. Maka dari itu, kajian studi sistem pencahayaan alami dan penghawaan alami ini merekomendasikan berbagai cara dalam memberikan pencahayaan dan penghawaan alami yang ideal pada bangunan yang tertutup oleh tanah, juga menegaskan pentingnya perancangan bangunan sekarang ini yang seharusnya hemat energi dan ramah lingkungan

Convergence Rates with Inexact Non-expansive Operators

In this paper, we present a convergence rate analysis for the inexact Krasnosel'skii-Mann iteration built from nonexpansive operators. Our results include two main parts: we first establish global pointwise and ergodic iteration-complexity bounds, and then, under a metric subregularity assumption, we establish local linear convergence for the distance of the iterates to the set of fixed points. The obtained iteration-complexity result can be applied to analyze the convergence rate of various monotone operator splitting methods in the literature, including the Forward-Backward, the Generalized Forward-Backward, Douglas-Rachford, alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and Primal-Dual splitting methods. For these methods, we also develop easily verifiable termination criteria for finding an approximate solution, which can be seen as a generalization of the termination criterion for the classical gradient descent method. We finally develop a parallel analysis for the non-stationary Krasnosel'skii-Mann iteration. The usefulness of our results is illustrated by applying them to a large class of structured monotone inclusion and convex optimization problems. Experiments on some large scale inverse problems in signal and image processing problems are shown.Comment: This is an extended version of the work presented in http://arxiv.org/abs/1310.6636, and is accepted by the Mathematical Programmin

Prevention of Corrosion Rate by Natural Inhibitor Papaya Leaf Extract

Corrosion is an event of damage or deterioration of a metal caused by reaction with the environtment. Corrosion process can be prevented by the addition of corrosion inhibitor. Papaya leaf extract is an organic material that could potentially be used as a corrosion inhibitor because it contains N-acetyl- glukosamida and amino acid. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of brine concentration and surface area on the rate of corrosion of a metal plate that can be used as reference incorrosion control on metal plate. Determination of corrosion rate use weight loss methods, with medium marinade variation 3.5%, 5% and 6.5% salt water and a sample of the iron plates of different sizes. Each concentration of the medium contained four samples with different sizes of iron plates immersed for 30 days. The results showed the highest corrosion rate found on a metal plate without inhibitor with a value of 0.1331 mm/ year . The greater concentration of the medium the corrosion rate will be higher. The smaller surface area of iron plate the corrosion rate will be higher

Investigation of the Respiration Rate During Storage of Fruit Vegetables Under the Influence of Abiotic Factors

The aim of the work was to establish the influence of most important abiotic planting factors (temperature, precipitation quantity) on the respiratory rate of fruit vegetables at storage and also a possibility of correction of respiratory metabolism by post-harvest thermal processing by antioxidant compositions. Fruits of cucumbers of the hybrids Masha and Afina, bush pumpkins Kavili and Tamino, sweet pepper of the hybrids Nikita and Hercules, tomato of the varieties Novachok and Rio Grande Original were used for the studies. It was established, that the respiratory rate of pumpkin fruit vegetables is importantly influenced by the variety specificity. The respiratory level of pumpkin vegetables directly correlates with the sum of active temperatures of the period of fruits formation and reversibly – with precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient.The influence of the variety specificity for nightshade vegetables is leveled, and among meteorological planting conditions the important intense influence on the respiratory rate is realized by the sum of active temperatures of the period of fruits formation and ripening. Precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient have the important influence only on pepper fruits.It was established, that the use of post-harvest thermal processing by antioxidant compositions results in inhibition of respiratory processes in fruit vegetables at storage

Sunflower Seeding Rate X Nitrogen Rate Trial

Because the majority of sunflowers in the United States are grown in the Great Plains, recommendations for plant populations and fertilization rates are limited to this specific region and climate. Due to the temperate climate of the northeast, it is likely that optimal seeding rates and nitrogen (N) rates for sunflower production will differ from the Great Plains. A crop’s N requirements are often linked to population; this study attempts to evaluate the impact of both seeding rates and N rates on sunflower yield and quality