8 research outputs found
Ditransitives in germanic languages. Synchronic and diachronic aspects
This volume brings together twelve empirical studies on ditransitive constructions in Germanic languages and their varieties, past and present. Specifically, the volume includes contributions on a wide variety of Germanic languages, including English, Dutch, and German, but also Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian, as well as lesser-studied ones such as Faroese. While the first part of the volume focuses on diachronic aspects, the second part showcases a variety of synchronic aspects relating to ditransitive patterns. Methodologically, the volume covers both experimental and corpus-based studies. Questions addressed by the papers in the volume are, among others, issues like the cross-linguistic pervasiveness and cognitive reality of factors involved in the choice between different ditransitive constructions, or differences and similarities in the diachronic development of ditransitives. The volume’s broad scope and comparative perspective offers comprehensive insights into well-known phenomena and furthers our understanding of variation across languages of the same family
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There and Gone Again: Syntactic Structure In Memory
This dissertation addresses the relationship between hierarchical syntactic structure and memory in language processing of individual sentences. Hierarchical syntactic structure is a key part of human languages and language processing but its integration with memory has been uneasy ever since Sachs (1967) demonstrated that the syntactic structure of individual sentences is lost in explicit sentence recall tasks much faster than other linguistic information (lexical, semantic, etc.). Nonetheless, psycholinguists have continued to draw on memory in syntactic processing theories, in part due to (i) the explanatory power that memory can give to sentence processing hypotheses, and (ii) the conflicting results that continually replicate the basic findings of Sachs (1967, 1974) while on the other hand supporting robust, long-term implicit persistence of syntactic structure in the form of abstract syntactic priming.
The dissertation provides three case studies on syntactic structure in memory at three different time points over the course of processing. One case-study revisits syntactic persistence during the timescale which has classically provided the bulk of the evidence against syntactic structure in memory, from late in online processing to early offline processing, using a comparison of ellipsis-antecedent resolution and recognition memory over time. A second case-study looks at the sensitivity of proposed memory-operations to subject-verb agreement versus reflexive anaphora at the earliest timescale, during online sentence processing. Finally, the second half of the dissertation focuses on the reliability of abstract syntactic priming in comprehension, with an extended test of Syntactic Adaptation theory (Fine, Jaeger, Farmer, & Qian, 2013).
The dissertation argues that while there is still some good evidence in favor of syntactic structure in memory, theories which intend to control most of online sentence processing from memory are probably premature. Even if memory does turn out to play a role in the syntactic processing of individual sentences, domain general, declarative memory is most likely an insufficient architecture to capture even the data which is most supportive of a memory-based account
The Effect of Emotional Intelligence Training via Method Psychodrama on Marital Satisfaction of Patients with MS
MS is a progressive and chronic disease of the central nervous system with symptoms that can be debilitating. Appropriate interventions including Emotional Intelligence Training improve the quality of life MS patients. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of emotional intelligence training through Psycho-Drama methods on marital satisfaction of patients with MS. This study is a one-group, before-after, quasi-experimental study. A total of 22 patients were enrolled in this study. The samples were selected through non-random sampling based on the goal of study among visitors of MS Society, Kurdistan province, Iran. Data collection tool was questionnaires with two sections: 1) demographic information and 2) ENRICH-B marital satisfaction questionnaire including 47 items. Intervention was conducting 20 sessions of 2-hour training. Questionnaires were filled by patients before and after intervention. Methods for data analysis were descriptive statistics (tables of relative frequency distribution, the mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics of paired t test. Paired t test showed a significant difference in total scores of marital satisfaction before and after training sessions (P < 0.05). Finally, we concluded that, designing and applying emotional intelligence training programs via psychodrama method is effective on marital satisfaction in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, emotional intelligence training, psychodrama, marital satisfactio
Global optimization with unknown Lipschitz constant
We study the global optimization problem, i.e., for a real-valued and bounded function f we are interested in a point x of the domain whose function value f(x) is close to the infimum inf f. We consider the case that f is d-variate, Lipschitz, and, in a certain sense, does not increase too slowly in a neighborhood of the global minimizer(s). We give two contributions: We show that for an optimal method adaptiveness is necessary and that randomization (Monte Carlo) yields no further advantage. We present a method that is universal in the following sense: This algorithm has the optimal rate of
convergence even if neither the Lipschitz constant nor any other function parameter is known.
Wir betrachten das globale Optimierungsproblem, d.h. für eine reellwertige und beschränkte Funktion f suchen wir eine Stelle x des Definitionsbereichs, deren Funktionswert f(x) nahe dem Infimum inf f liegt. Wir untersuchen den Fall, daß f eine d-variate, Lipschitz-stetige Funktion ist, die in einem gewissen Sinne in der Nähe der globalen Minimalstelle(n) nicht zu langsam wächst. Wir leisten zwei Beiträge: Wir zeigen, daß für eine optimale Methode Adaptivität notwendig ist und daß Randomisierung (Monte-Carlo) keine weiteren Vorteile bringt. Wir stellen eine Methode vor, die universell ist im folgenden Sinne: Diese Methode hat die optimale Konvergenzrate auch in dem Fall, daß weder die Lipschitzkonstante noch die übrigen Klassenparameter bekannt sind
Constraints on coordination:Intrinsic dynamics, behavioral information and asymmetry in bimanual rhythmic coordination
Zonder oefening is het met pianospelen vrijwel onmogelijk om de handen onafhankelijk van elkaar te bewegen. De handbewegingen zijn op een bepaalde manier gekoppeld. Martine Verheul onderzocht hoe dat precies zit. Daarvoor liet ze haar proefpersonen met twee handen verschillende ritmes tikken. Naast persoonsgebonden verschillen blijken er ook taak-afhankelijke verschillen te zijn. Muzikale ervaring van de proefpersoon had een positief effect op de stabiliteit van tweehandige ritmische coördinatie. Daarna vergeleek Verheul links- en rechtshandigen bij het tikken van symmetrische en asymmetrische patronen. In tegenstelling tot taken waarbij de handen in verschillend tempo tikken blijkt bij het asymmetrisch tikken in een gelijk tempo de coördinatie even stabiel in beide handverdelingen. Verheul toont aan dat zowel de voorkeurshand als de niet-voorkeurshand de leidende rol op zich kan nemen. Die flexibiliteit vermindert echter bij het ouder worden. De coördinatieproblemen bij volwassenen met de ziekte van Parkinson komen niet voort uit de asymmetrische verdeling van symptomen over de twee lichaamshelften, maar zijn volgens Verheul het gevolg van centrale problemen met het koppelen van de ledematen.