Anticancer activity of rutin and its combination with ionic liquids on renal cells

The renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer. Identifying novel and more effective therapies, while minimizing toxicity, continues to be fundamental in curtailing RCC. Rutin, a bioflavonoid widely found in nature, has shown promising anticancer properties, but with limited applicability due to its poor water solubility and pharmacokinetics. Thus, the potential anticancer effects of rutin toward a human renal cancer cell line (786-O), while considering its safety in Vero kidney cells, was assessed, as well as the applicability of ionic liquids (ILs) to improve drug delivery. Rutin (up to 50 µM) did not show relevant cytotoxic effects in Vero cells. However, in 786-O cells, a significant decrease in cell viability was already observed at 50 µM. Moreover, exposure to rutin caused a significant increase in the sub-G1 population of 786-O cells, reinforcing the possible anticancer activity of this biomolecule. Two choline-amino acid ILs, at non-toxic concentrations, enhanced rutin's solubility/loading while allowing the maintenance of rutin's anticancer effects. Globally, our findings suggest that rutin may have a beneficial impact against RCC and that its combination with ILs ensures that this poorly soluble drug is successfully incorporated into ILs-nanoparticles hybrid systems, allowing controlled drug delivery.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal): UID/DTP/04567/2019/ UIDB/00100/2020/ UIDB/04565/2020. ALIES grant PADDIC 2018-2019info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Optimizing a sustainable ultrasound assisted extraction method for the recovery of polyphenols from lemon by-products:comparison with hot water and organic solvent extractions

Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-factor and three-level Box–Behnken design was employed for optimizing the aqueous ultrasound-assisted extraction (AUAE) conditions, including extraction time (35–45 min), extraction temperature (45–55 °C) and ultrasonic power (150–250 W), for the recovery of total phenolic content (TPC) and rutin from lemon by-products. The independent variables and their values were selected on the basis of preliminary experiments, where the effects of five extraction parameters (particle size, extraction time and temperature, ultrasonic power and sample-to-solvent ratio) on TPC and rutin extraction yields were investigated. The yields of TPC and rutin were studied using a second-order polynomial equation. The optimum AUAE conditions for TPC were extraction time of 45 min, extraction temperature of 50 °C and ultrasonic power of 250 W with a predicted value of 18.10 ± 0.24 mg GAE/g dw, while the optimum AUAE conditions for rutin were extraction time of 35 min, extraction temperature of 48 °C and ultrasonic power of 150W with a predicted value of 3.20 ± 0.12 mg/g dw. The extracts obtained at the optimum AUAE conditions were compared with those obtained by a hot water and an organic solvent conventional extraction in terms of TPC, total flavonoid content (TF) and antioxidant capacity. The extracts obtained by AUAE had the same TPC, TF and ferric reducing antioxidant power as those achieved by organic solvent conventional extraction. However, hot water extraction led to extracts with the highest flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that all the extraction methods led to cell damage to varying extents

Penyelesaian masalah rutin dan bukan rutin dalam pendidikan matematik

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti tahap kemahiran dan strategi penyelesaian masalah rutin dan bukan rutin bagi Tajuk Ungkapan dan Persamaan Kuadratik. Kajian secara kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan reka bentuk deskriptif. Seramai 219 orang pelajar Tingkatan Empat yang dipilih secara rawak mudah dari tiga buah sekolah yang terdapat di Daerah Ledang telah dipilih di dalam kajian ini sebagai responden kajian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen berbentuk set ujian dan temubual. Seramai enam orang pelajar telah dipilih secara persampelan bertujuan bagi sesi temubual. Data daripada set ujian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif. Microsoft Excel telah digunakan bagi menterjemahkan data yang dianalisis ke dalam bentuk frekuensi dan peratusan. Manakala data temubual dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis kandungan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa tahap kemahiran penyelesaian masalah rutin berayat pelajar berada pada tahap yang rendah manakala tahap kemahiran penyelesaian masalah rutin tidak berayat berada pada tahap yang tinggi. Tahap kemahiran masalah bukan rutin pula berada pada tahap yang rendah. Dapatan juga menunjukkan strategi penyelesaian masalah bukan rutin lebih banyak berbanding strategi penyelesaian masalah rutin. Walaubagaimanapun, pelajar mempunyai tahap yang rendah dalam penggunaan Model Polya bagi menyelesaikan masalah rutin dan bukan rutin terutamanya bagi langkah empat iaitu menyemak semula jawapan. Pelajar tidak menggunakan teknik menyemak jawapan yang tepat sekali gus memberi kesan terhadap kebarangkalian mendapatkan jawapan yang tepat. Keseluruhannya, penekanan kepada penyelesaian masalah bukan rutin perlulah diberi perhatian di dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya di dalam subjek matematik. Guru-guru perlulah mahir dalam menyediakan dan mengajar pengajaran yang melibatkan masalah bukan rutin bagi menjana pemikiran aras tinggi pelajar

PERBEDAAN STATUS GIZI DAN KETAHANAN FISIK BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KERUTINAN BERMAIN PUMP PADA REMAJA DI KOMUNITAS "A" KOTA SEMARANG

Status gizi mempunyai korelasi positif dengan kualitas fisik manusia. Status gizi yang baik akan berpengaruh terhadap ketahanan fisik seseorang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan status gizi dan ketahanan fisik berdasarkan tingkat kerutinan bermain pump pada remaja di komunitas “A” di Kota Semarang. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan pengukuran antropometri. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 34 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan sistim simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki aktivitas fisik (bermain pump) tidak rutin yaitu 58,8%. Responden dengan aktivitas fisik rutin, keseluruhannya yaitu sebanyak 100% dalam kategori status gizi normal. Responden dengan aktivitas fisik tidak rutin diperoleh sebanyak 95% memiliki status gizi normal. Responden dengan aktivitas fisik rutin diperoleh 92,9% memiliki ketahanan fisik dalam kategori sedang, 7,1% responden dalam kategori kurang. Responden yang memiliki aktivitas fisik tidak rutin, 80% responden memiliki ketahanan fisik kategori sedang dan 20% pada kategori ketahanan fisik kurang. Ada perbedaan status gizi antara responden yang memiliki aktivitas fisik rutin dengan responden yang memiliki aktivitas fisik tidak rutin (p-value 0,043 < 0,05). Ada perbedaan ketahanan fisik antara responden yang memiliki aktifitas fisik rutin dengan responden yang memiliki aktivitas fisik tidak rutin (p-value 0,016 < 0,05). Ada perbedaan status gizi dan ketahanan fisik berdasarkan tingkat kerutinan bermain pump di komunitas "A" Kota Semarang. Saran bagi pumpers adalah melakukan aktivitas bermain pump secara rutin untuk menjaga statu gizi dan ketahanan fisik dalam kondisi yang baik Kata kunci : Pump, Aktivitas Fisik, Status Gizi, Ketahanan Fisi

Perbedaan moralitas siswa MI Walisongo Jerakah Semarang ditinjau dari pembiasaan melakukan zikir Asmaul Husna

Dewasa ini banyak prilaku anak-anak usia Sekolah Dasar yang semakin menjauh dari yang semestinya, baik itu di lingkungan sekolah maupun lingkungan rumah. seperti mulai melawan terhadap perintah orang tua, bicara kotor, mencontek, membolos dan masih banyak lagi. Apalagi mereka yang sudah memasuki usia pra remaja, di mana fase ini juga disebut fase negatif. Sekolah dalam hal ini memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk moral anak didiknya tentunya tidak tinggal diam. Selain memberikan naehat-nasehat lisan kepada mereka yang bertindak amoral. Di MI Walisongo juga membiasakan melakukan zikir asmaul husna sebagai wirid harian, diharapkan dari kegiatan ini akan berpengeruh terhadap moral siswa-siswa yang ada di Sekolah tersebut. Penelitian ini berjudul “Perbedaan Moralitas siswa MI Walisongo Jerakah Semarang Ditinjau dari Pembiasaan Melakukan Zikir Asmaul Husna” yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidak perbedaan antara siswa yang rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husna dengan yang tidak rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husna. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan pendekatan lapangan (field research). Subjek penelitian adalah kelas lima dan kelas enam yang berjumlah 26 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran skala. Analisis data menggunakan Independent T-test dengan bantuan SPSS (Statistical Program For Social Service) versi 21 for windows. Hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,565 (p<0,01). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan antara siswa yang rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husna dengan yang tidak rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husna. Dengan kategori diperoleh yaitu 0 siswa baik itu yang rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husna maupun tidak (dengan interval skor nilai berkisar antara 23 - 41,4) dalam kondisi moralitas yang sangat rendah, 0 siswa baik itu yang rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husna maupun tidak (dengan interval skor nilai berkisar antara 41,4-59,8) dalam kondisi moralitas yang rendah, 7 siswa yang rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husna dan 6 siswa yang tidak rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husna (dengan interval skor nilai berkisar antara 59,8 - 78,2) dalam kondisi moralitas yang cukup, 4 siswa yang rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husna dan 7 siswa yang tidak rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husan (dengan interval skor nilai berkisar antara 78,2 – 96,6) dalam kondisi moralitas yang tinggi, 2 siswa yang rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husna dan 0 siswa yang tidak rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husna (dengan interval skor nilai berkisar antar 96,6 -115) dalam kondisi moralitas yang sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penggolongan interval tersebut maka dapat diambil kesimpulan tidak ada perbedaan antara kelompok yang rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husna seperti yang dilakukan oleh kelas enam, maupun yang tidak rutin melakukan zikir asmaul husnanya seperti yang dilakukan oleh kelas lima MI Walisongo. Kata kunci: zikir asmaul husna dan moralitas sisw

Diverse biological effects of glycosyltransferase genes from Tartary buckwheat

Background: Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an edible cereal crop whose sprouts have been marketed and commercialized for their higher levels of anti-oxidants, including rutin and anthocyanin. UDP-glucose flavonoid glycosyltransferases (UFGTs) play an important role in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. So far, few studies are available on UFGT genes that may play a role in tartary buckwheat flavonoids biosynthesis. Here, we report on the identification and functional characterization of seven UFGTs from tartary buckwheat that are potentially involved in flavonoid biosynthesis (and have varying effects on plant growth and development when overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana.) Results: Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the potential function of the seven FtUFGT proteins, FtUFGT6, FtUFGT7, FtUFGT8, FtUFGT9, FtUFGT15, FtUFGT40, and FtUFGT41, could be divided into three Arabidopsis thaliana functional subgroups that are involved in flavonoid biosynthesis of and anthocyanin accumulation. A significant positive correlation between FtUFGT8 and FtUFGT15 expression and anthocyanin accumulation capacity was observed in the tartary buckwheat seedlings after cold stress. Overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana showed that FtUFGT8, FtUFGT15, and FtUFGT41 significantly increased the anthocyanin content in transgenic plants. Unexpectedly, overexpression of FtUFGT6, while not leading to enhanced anthocyanin accumulation, significantly enhanced the growth yield of transgenic plants. When wild-type plants have only cotyledons, most of the transgenic plants of FtUFGT6 had grown true leaves. Moreover, the growth speed of the oxFtUFGT6 transgenic plant root was also significantly faster than that of the wild type. At later growth, FtUFGT6 transgenic plants showed larger leaves, earlier twitching times and more tillers than wild type, whereas FtUFGT15 showed opposite results. Conclusions: Seven FtUFGTs were isolated from tartary buckwheat. FtUFGT8, FtUFGT15, and FtUFGT41 can significantly increase the accumulation of total anthocyanins in transgenic plants. Furthermore, overexpression of FtUFGT6 increased the overall yield of Arabidopsis transgenic plants at all growth stages. However, FtUFGT15 shows the opposite trend at later growth stage and delays the growth speed of plants. These results suggested that the biological function of FtUFGT genes in tartary buckwheat is diverse

Medan Makna Verba Membersihkan dalam Bahasa Melayu Dialek Sambas

This research is focused on the areas of semantics in particular about the meaning of the verb field cleans the BMDS. This study aims to describe the meaning of the verb cleans in the BMDS. The method used is the method of qualitativ research wit the form directly. The data in this study are the verb cleans in BMDS. Data collection techniques are used in the form of fishing techniques, engineering, engineering face to face ably record, and take note. Data collecting instrument that was used in the form of a list, the list of pictures, recording device, and stationery. Technique of data analysis used i.e. classify, analyze, describe, and conclude. Based on the analysis of data, there are 55 lexem verb cleans up in BMDS. The type of verb meaning clearing in the BMDS retrieved 55 lexical meaning, 49 grammatical meaning, 54 conceptually meaning, 1 assosiative meanings, and 6 areas of the meaning of collective. Difference of function semantic lexem in field the meaning of the verb in BMDS is to cleans to body, plants, home wares, and as the fortification themselves

Rutin increases the efficacy of temozolomide in glioblastoma via autophagy inhibition

Conference Theme: Brain Attack: A New EraPosters: no. P-15The chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) is commonly used in glioblastoma (GBM) therapy, but patients usually have a poor prognosis. Rutin, a citrus flavonoid ecglycoside found in edible plants, has neuroprotection and anticancer activities. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of rutin in combination with temozolomide and the underlying mechanisms. In vitro viability assay demonstrated that rutin alone had generally low cytotoxic effect, but it was able to ...postprin

Identification of the Content of Biologically Active Substances in Nut Shots

One of ways of the food industry development is a search for non-traditional raw material resources with the high content of physiologically healthy nutrients. A promising way of biologically important raw materials is secondary products of oil production, especially shots. The aim of the research was to determine the content of biologically active substances in nut shots (cedar nut shot (CNS) and walnut shot (WNS)). The quality composition of the phenol nature was established by reactions with 10 % alcohol solutions of FeCl3, NaOH, АlCl3 and cyanidin test. The content of hydroxycinnamic acids (with recalculation for chlorogenic acid) was determined by the spectrophotometric method. The amount of tanning substances – by the method of permanganometry. The analysis of the sum of flavonoids (in recalculation for rutin) was realized by the method of differential spectrophotometry. Carbonic acids were identified by the method of gas-liquid chromatography. There were revealed quality differences in the composition of substances of the phenol nature for CNS and WNS. WNS is characterized by the higher content of hydroxycinnamic acids – in 2,5 times, tanning substances – in 3,1 times and flavonoids – in 60 times, comparing with CNS. The content of unsaturated fats in WNS is 95,79 % of the total number of fats, and in CNS – 80,05 %. The ratio Omega-3/Omega-6 for the fat component of CNS is 1/0,06, and for WNS fats – 1/1,3. WNS comparing with CNS is characterized by the higher content of Malic (in 5,3 times) and fumaric (in 100 times)acid. CNS contains more lemon (in 2,9 times) and succinic (in 2,2 times) acid. That is, identification of the content of some biologically active substances in nut shots allows to recommend them for usage in technologies of food products. It allows to enrich them with phenol compounds, polyunsaturated fats and organic acids