1,637,695 research outputs found
A review of restorative justice responses to offending
Restorative justice has been enthusiastically embraced in many justice systems as an alternative to incarceration for young adult and Indigenous offenders. But how well does it work?
Abstract
The present review sought to determine on the available evidence (a) whether restorative justice (RJ) is an effective means of reducing re-offending, (b) what benefits victims of crime obtain from participation in the RJ process, (c) whether the public supports the principles of RJ, and (d) how the cost and efficiency of RJ proceedings compare with conventional courts in cost and efficiency (i.e. time taken to finalize cases). The review finds little reliable evidence that RJ reduces re-offending. Victims who participate in RJ are generally satisfied with the experience but it is unclear whether they are more satisfied than victims in similar cases that are dealt with in court. The limited evidence available suggests that the public supports the principles of RJ. It appears to be a less expensive and more efficient way of finalizing criminal cases involving young people but, once again, the evidence on this issue at this stage is rather limited.
Evidence Base, issue 1, 201
Chemical characterization and biological properties of royal jelly samples from the mediterranean area
Royal jelly (RJ) is a bee product that has high nutritional value and is beneficial for the human health, earning importance as a functional food. Thus, the characterization of its main biological properties is with high importance. In this work, 6 RJ samples obtained in Morocco, Portugal, and Spain were evaluated in terms of total phenol and flavone/flavonol contents; total protein; 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA); volatiles composition; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; and inhibition of tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase (XO), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Total phenolic content ranged from 3 to 9 mg gallic acid equivalent/g RJ, and flavone/flavonol content from 0.1 to 0.5 mg quercetin equivalent/g RJ. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content varied from 0.9% to 1.2% and total protein from 5.5% to 29.7%. Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed RJ volatiles dominated by linolenic acid, 2-decenoic acid, and octanoic acid in variable amounts. The antioxidant activity was monitored through nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging capacity, where the IC50 ranged from 2.3 to 3.4 and 0.2 to 1.5 mg/mL, respectively. Anti-AChE activity IC50 ranged from 0.7 to 4.6 mg/mL, while XO inhibition IC50 ranged from 3.3 to 11.9 mg/mL. The results showed that phenols and flavonoids highly contributed to the RJ biological properties in contrast to 10-HDA and proteins.UID/AMB/50017/2019
UIDB/05183/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Worker Rights Consortium Remediation Report re Lianglog Socks Co. Ltd (China)
WRC report on the efforts to remediate violations previously found at Lianglong Socks, a producer of hosiery for RJ McCarthy Ltd, a supplier of school uniforms. Describes persistence of labor violations and finds that RJ McCarthy is not responsible due to their lack of influence in the matter
mistr: A Computational Framework for Mixture and Composite Distributions
Finite mixtures and composite distributions allow to model the probabilistic representation of data with more generality than simple distributions and are useful to consider in a wide range of applications. The R package mistr provides an extensible computational framework for creating, transforming, and evaluating these models, together with multiple methods for their visualization and description. In this paper we present the main computational framework of the package and illustrate its application. In addition, we provide and show functions for data modeling using two specific composite distributions as well as a numerical example where a composite distribution is estimated to describe the log-returns of selected stocks
(Un)markedness of trills : the case of Slavic r-palatalisation
This paper evaluates trills [r] and their palatalized counterparts [rj] from the point of view of markedness. It is argued that [r]s are unmarked sounds in comparison to [rj]s which follows from the examination of the following parameters: (a) frequency of occurrence, (b) articulatory and aerodynamic characteristics, (c) perceptual features, (d) emergence in the process of language acquisition, (e) stability from a diachronic point of view, (f) phonotactic distribution, and (g) implications. Several markedness aspects of [r]s and [rj] are analyzed on the basis of Slavic languages which offer excellent material for the evaluation of trills. Their phonetic characteristics incorporated into phonetically grounded constraints are employed for a phonological OT-analysis of r-palatalization in two selected languages: Polish and Czech
Restorative Justice-Informed Moral Acquaintance: Resolving the Dual Role Problem in Correctional and Forensic Practice
The issue of dual roles within forensic and correctional fields has typically been conceptualized as dissonanceâexperienced by practitionersâ when attempting to adhere to the conflicting ethical requirements associated with client well-being and community protection. In this paper, we argue that the dual role problem should be conceptualized more broadly; to incorporate the relationship between the offender and their victim. We also propose that Restorative Justice (RJ) is able to provide a preliminary ethical framework to deal with this common ethical oversight. Furthermore, we unite the RJ framework with that of Wardâs (2013) moral acquaintance model to provide a more powerful approachâRJ informed moral acquaintanceâaimed at addressing the ethical challenges faced by practitioners within forensic and correctional roles
quantreg. nonpar: An R Package for performing nonparametric series quantile regression
The R package quantreg.nonpar implements nonparametric quantile regression methods to estimate and make inference on partially linear quantile models. quantreg.nonpar obtains point estimates of the conditional quantile function and its derivatives based on series approximations to the nonparametric part of the model. It also provides pointwise and uniform confidence intervals over a region of covariate values and/or quantile indices for the same functions using analytical and resampling methods. This paper serves as an introduction to the package and displays basic functionality of the functions contained within.https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.08329Published and Accepted manuscript versions
Survey for Transiting Extrasolar Planets in Stellar Systems: III. A Limit on the Fraction of Stars with Planets in the Open Cluster NGC 1245
We analyze a 19-night photometric search for transiting extrasolar planets in
the open cluster NGC 1245. An automated transit search algorithm with
quantitative selection criteria finds six transit candidates; none are bona
fide planetary transits. We characterize the survey detection probability via
Monte Carlo injection and recovery of realistic limb-darkened transits. We use
this to derive upper limits on the fraction of cluster members with close-in
Jupiter-radii, RJ, companions. We carefully analyze the random and systematic
errors of the calculation. For similar photometric noise and weather properties
as this survey, observing NGC 1245 twice as long results in a tighter
constraint on "Hot Jupiter", HJ, companions than observing an additional
cluster of similar richness as NGC 1245 for the same length of time as this
survey. This survey observed ~870 cluster members. If 1% of stars have 1.5 RJ
HJ companions, we expect to detect one planet for every 5000 dwarf stars
observed for a month. To reach a ~2% upper limit on the fraction of stars with
1.5 RJ HJ companions, we conclude a total sample size of ~7400 dwarf stars
observed for at least a month will be needed. Results for 1.0 RJ companions,
without substantial improvement in the photometric precision, will require a
small factor larger sample size.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures, submitted A
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