The rise and rise of executive pay

Sue Shepherd reflects on what lies behind the increase in the salaries of vice chancellors and other executive team members over recent years and what this tells us about trends in management of universities today

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KEPOSITIFAN SPUTUM BTA SEBELUM PENGOBATAN DENGAN KONVERSI SPUTUM BTA SETELAH PENGOBATAN PADA PASIEN TB DI SELURUH PUSKESMAS BANDA ACEH TAHUN 2015

Tingkat Kepositifan Sputum BTA dan Konversi Sputum BTA adalah dua pemeriksaan yang wajib dilakukan oleh pasien TB paru. Tingkat kepositifan sputum sebelum pengobatan merupakan metode penilaian secara langsung jumlah BTA dalam sputum dan derajat keparahan yang akan mempengaruhi konversi. Angka konversi ini biasanya dinilai pada akhir pengobatan intensif.Tingginya angka konversi sputum akan memprediksi keberhasilan pengobatan . Konversi sputum yang negative akan menunjukkan faktor resiko MDR-TB .Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat kepositifan sebelum pengobatan dengan konversi sputum setelah pengobatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan metode total sampling. Dari 62 responden, didapatkan tingkat kepositifan +1 (37,1%) mengalami konversi sputum (73,9%), +2 (30,6%) mengalami konversi sputum (68,4%), +3 (32,3%) mengalami konversi sputum (70%) dan dari 62 respoden yang mengalami konversi sputum (71%), nonkonversi (29%).Hasil uji chi-square menunjukan Pvalue sebesar 0,920 (Pvalue>0,05) sehingga penelitian menyatakan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kepositifansebelum pengobatan dengan konversi sputumsetelah pengobatan pada pasien TB paru di seluruh Puskesmas Banda Aceh tahun 2015. Kata Kunci: tingkat kepositifan Sputum BTA, konversi sputum BTA, tuberkulosi

The rise and fall (and rise again) of vernacular happiness

This article delineates the vicissitudes of vernacular happiness in China across the crucial transitions of the early 20th century. Traditionally, vernacular happiness was symbolized by a triune of gods, fu-lu-shou, standing for progeny, wealth, and longevity. Happiness was thus a matter of good fortune, ardently prayed for rather than programmatically pursued. The ruling elite patronized this folk cult of happiness through a discourse of virtue and benevolence, but were themselves inclined to pursue more transcendent goals (Dao, de) and refined pleasures (lequ). To the May Fourth generation, the traditional social order was founded on grave injustices and the cult of happiness was predicated on the misery and sacrifice of women, youth, and the peasantry. Enlightenment, therefore, meant claiming the right to happiness for every individual, rejecting religious illusions, and taking control of one’s life beginning with the freedom to love and marry. However, the crises of sovereignty that beset the young nation soon rendered such individualist pursuit of happiness suspect and futile. The Chinese Communist Party held up the socialist nation as the repository of a noble, beatific happiness to which every Chinese must contribute by suppressing their personal desires and interests. In the post-Mao decades, vernacular happiness of the May Fourth vintage has made a triumphant comeback aided by the globalization of the American Dream and consumer capitalism, prompting the state to propose the China Dream as an antidote and hegemonic supersign. This long trajectory is illustrated by two autobiographical narratives separated by over a century: Shen Fu’s Six Chapters of a Floating Life (1809) and Su Qing’s Ten Years of Marriage (1943). Supplementing these two primary texts are a selection of fictional narratives from the Republican period. Intersecting the literary-intellectual history are theoretical excursions on the rise of the individual and affirmation of ordinary life in the European Enlightenment as well as the relationship between the centrality of emotion and liberal democracy

The Rise of Realism

A new book by Manuel DeLanda and Graham Harman, The Rise of Realism, is reviewed. The Rise of Realism is an introductory text that aims to clarify the difficulties that surround the philosophical concepts of realism and materialism (as well as their antitheses). This primer intended to introduce students and interested scholars to the concepts and literature on realism and its place in the continental tradition of philosophy and related social theory. The book’s core methodology is to outline the various appropriations of the terms realism and materialism currently discussed in different sub-disciplines of philosophy as well as provide the reader with the authors’ own unique positions on realism. The book dialogue prose is stylistically engaging, lucid and academically current, providing both novice readers and seasoned scholars with an easy-to-read exploration of current continental thought that also has far-reaching implications for other disciplines such as critical theory, social theory and science and technology studie

All Rise for Civil Justice

Equal justice under law is an American ideal. But every year, millions of people lose their cases in civil courts, not because they have done something wrong, but because they do not have the information or legal help they need to make their case. The United States civil justice system must be reformed so that it works for everyone, not just for the wealthy and the represented. For guidance, advocates of civil justice reform should look to the movement for criminal justice reform, which has successfully raised awareness and galvanized coalitions to effect policy change. I eagerly await the case study that analyzes the emergence, key components, and pivotal moments of that movement