Ohio Livestock Waste Management Guide

PDF pages: 3

Asthma and Pesticides in Public Schools: Does the ADA Provide a Remedy Where FIFRA Fails to Protect

For students suffering from asthma exacerbated or induced by chemical pesticide use, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) may provide a remedy to enjoin the use of chemical pesticides in public schools. The ADA has been used as a remedy for environmentally-related disabilities with mixed results. There have been successful challenges to the ADA used in this context based on the comprehensive regulatory nature of many environmental statutes. This Note will argue that a student who suffers from pesticide-induced asthma is protected by the ADA. Further, the challenges that have precluded relief under other environmental statutes would fail in this context because the scope of regulation of pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) is not wide enough to provide a private right of action. Because of this, the ADA provides a remedy that is not in conflict with FIFRA

Integrated Pest Management of Texas Turfgrass.

26 p

The use of botanical synergists to increase the efficacy of natural pyrethrins

Insecticide resistance is an important aspect of pest control on both crop pests and vectors of animal diseases. Resistance can be caused by a number of mechanisms, one of which is enhanced detoxification of the insecticide by metabolic enzymes. Synergists may be used in insecticide formulations to inhibit metabolic defences in the insect, allowing the insecticide to reach its target site and kill the insect, thus enhancing the effect of the insecticide. This PhD project investigated the use of the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) in combination with natural pyrethrins (tank mix) and as a pre-treatment prior to application of pyrethrins, as methods of enhancing the efficacy of the insecticide. The insects studied were Myzus persicae, Bemisia tabaci and Musca domestica. Results showed that the combination treatment (tank mix) was at least as good as, and sometimes better than, the pre-treatment. This is unlike the situation for synthetic pyrethroids where pre-treatments have been shown to be more effective than tank mixes. It is proposed that for natural pyrethrins, PBO aids the penetration of the pyrethrins into the insect, and this enhancement effect is greater than full inhibition of the metabolic enzymes. In some cases, the tank mix enabled less insecticide to be used to achieve 50% mortality in resistant insects, compared to a susceptible population treated with pyrethrins alone. A novel laboratory assay was developed to enable the screening of botanical extracts for their ability to inhibit esterase enzymes. This was used to test a range of compounds and those showing esterase inhibition were also screened for their ability to inhibit cytochrome P450 activity. The competency of some of these compounds as synergists was also tested in vivo with some showing potential activity both in vitro and in vivo

Linked Beta-Cyclodextrins

ChemistryMaster of Arts (M.A.

Carpenter Bees

4 pp., 5 photosCarpenter bees nest in wood and pith, which is the soft tissue in some plant stems. Some species nest in sound wood and can damage structures. This publication describes carpenter bees, their biology and behavior, and the damage they cause. Advice on prevention and control is included

The chemical composition and anticholinesterase activity of the essential oils from dalmatian pyrethrum plant : bachelor thesis

Dalmatinski buhač (lat. Chryanthemum cinerariifolium, Vis., sinonim Tanacetum cinerariifolium) pripada porodici Asteraceae. Biljka raste u suhim i kamenitim područjima i strogo je zaštićena vrsta. Biljka uz farmakološko, antioksidacijsko i inhibicijsko djelovanje pokazuje i insekticidno svojstvo. Piretrini koji se nalaze u sjemenkama buhača djeluju toksično na živčani sustav insekata, riba i zmija, dok je toksičnost puno manja prema sisavcima i pticama. Acetilkolinesteraza je serinska esteraza koja razgrađuje neurotransmiter acetilkolin na acetat i kolin. Inhibicija tog enzima ima ključnu ulogu u ublažavanju simptoma Alzheimerove demencije. Alzheimerova demencija je teška neizlječiva bolest koja svojim napredovanjem vodi do gubitka pamćenja, nemogućnosti rasuđivanja i obavljanja svakodnevnih aktivnosti. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati kemijski sastav i antikolinesterazno djelovanje eteričnih ulja buhača izoliranih iz cvjetnih glavica biljke tijekom različitih vremena cvatnje, u prirodnim populacijama biljke na otoku Braču. Korištena je instrumentalna tehnika GC/MS kojom je utvrđen kemijski sastav i sadržaj prisutnih terpenskih i neterpenskih sastojaka, te Ellmanova metoda za ispitivanje inhibicije enzima acetilkolinesteraze. Najzastupljenije komponente ulja su neoksidirani seskviterpenski spojevi β-himahalen, β-gvajen, β-selinen, γ- himahalen i δ-selinen. Krizantemska kiselina, kiselina čiji esteri sudjeluju u tvorbi piretrina, je identificirana samo kao sastojak ulja izoliranog iz cvjetova biljke ubrane u najkasnijem vremenu cvatnje. Izolirana eterična ulja nemaju sposobnost inhibicije enzima acetilkolinesteraze.Dalmatian chrysanthemum belongs to the family of Asteraceae. The plant inhabits dry and rocky areas and it is a strictly protected species. The plant, other than having pharmacological, antioxidative and inhibitory activity also possesses insecticidal properties. Pyrethrins found in the seeds of the plant have a toxic effect on the nervous system of insects, fish and snakes, while the toxicity is far less effective with mammals and birds. Acetylcholinesterase (E.C.3.1.1.7.) is a serine esterase that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to acetate and choline. Inhibition of this enzyme plays a key role in alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimer's dementia. Alzheimer's dementia is a severe incurable illness that, with its progress, leads to loss of memory, inability to think and conduct daily activities. The aim of this paper was to examine the chemical composition and the anticholinesterase activity of essesntial oils of the plant isolated from the head of the plant during different flowering times in the natural population of the plant on the island of Brac. GC/ MS instrumental technique was used to determine the chemical composition and the amount of terpene and non-terpene active substances present and for testing the inhibition of the enzyme AchE Ellman's method was used. The most common components of the oil are non-oxidized sesquiterpene compounds β-himachalene, β-guaiene, β-selenine, γ-himachalene and δ-selenine. Chrysanthemic acid, the acid whose esters participate in the formation of the pyrethins, is identified only as an ingredient of the oil isolated from the flowers of the plant harvested in the lastest flowering time. Isolated essential oils do not have the ability to inhibit the acetylcholinesteras