Unfair division of gains under equal price in cooperative purchasing

Cooperative purchasing is becoming more and more common practice. However, many cooperative initiatives end prematurely or do not flourish. Important reasons indicated for these problems are directly or indirectly related to the unfair division of gains. The purpose of this paper is to indicate causes of unfairness effects in current cooperative practices, aiming to enhance cooperative trust and stability. Results incorporate an extensive analysis of the most commonly used allocation concept, the Equal Price. We prove that the unfair effects of this concept are caused by neglecting a part of the added value of cooperative initiative members. Moreover, we prove that the Equal Price allocation value reaches its maximum when the volume of an organisation equals a certain percentage of the total volume of a cooperative initiative. So, when using the Equal Price organizations increasing their volume past this point will receive less gains. We conclude by emphasizing that it is highly important that cooperative members are aware of allocation concept problems. Further research will involve solutions to these problems

PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN, KEPERCAYAAN MEREK DAN EKUITAS MEREK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Studi Pada Produk Bubur Bayi Promina di Carrefour Wilayah Jakarta Selatan )

Promina is a product food baby produced by PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk. under the auspices of Indofood Nutrition (for baby food division formerly known as PT Gizindo Prima Nusantara until the merger in 2010). Division of Nutrition & Special Foods was formed to help meet the nutritional needs of children Indonesia, through the provision of nutritious food products for infants and toddlers, as well as nutritious milk drink for pregnant women and nursing mothers. This research was conducted by analyzing the factors that influence purchasing decisions pap Promina with variable influence of marketing communications, brand trust and brand equity. This research by developing a theoretical model by proposing sauatu five hypotheses to be tested usingStructural Equation Model (SEM) as an analytical tool. Respondents of this research is all consumer buyers pap Careffour Promina in South Jakarta which amounted to 150 people. The results of data processing by using SEM to have met the theoretical model Godnessof Fit as follows: Value Chi Square = 255.588; df = 129; p = 5%; Probability = 0,000; GFI = 0.846; AGFI = 0,795; TLI = 0,959; CFI = 0.965; RMSEA = 0.081. The processing results can be stated that the model is feasible to use. The results of this study indicate that purchasing decisions can ditinggkatkan with marketing communications, brand trust and brand equity. Marketing communications and brand equity as well as trust high brand will influence purchasing decisions pap Promina in the Carrefour area of South Jakarta

Special Libraries, July-August 1962

Volume 53, Issue 6https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1962/1005/thumbnail.jp

Electronic purchasing: determining the optimal roll-out strategy

Electronic purchasing (EP), also known as electronic ordering through catalogs is the most established form of e-procurement nowadays, yet still in its infancy. Theoretically, changing from the "traditional" way of purchasing to EP can lead to huge cost savings. However the implementation (roll-out) of EP including many commodity groups and many departments is a large and costly task. In addition, not much experience on good roll-out strategies is available yet. This paper contributes to the solution of this problem, by presenting a mathematical model for determining the optimal EP roll-out strategy into an organisation based on maximisation of the cost savings. Results from this model suggest that the optimal order of commodity groups and departments for which EP is implemented can contribute considerably to the possible savings that can be realised and is therefore an important factor for a successful implementation strategy of EP

Brady Statute Data: Persons Who Are Unlawful Users of or Addicted to Any Controlled Substances

Currently, Alaska law enforcement agencies do not obtain data on four noncriminal categories prohibited by the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993 from obtaining firearms. This, the third of four reports on these categories, describes how persons who are unlawful users or addicted to any controlled substance can be identified within an Alaska context and discusses possible procedures, problems, and solutions associated with data collection. At this time there is no clear or cost-effective way to create and maintain a database for either addicts or controlled substance abusers with any accuracy. Records are not kept on addicts or controlled substance abusers, and even if they were, because of the right to privacy, access would be denied. However the Criminal Case Intake and Disposition form is currently used statewide by law enforcement personnel. It could be modified with little effort to capture information on some addiction/controlled substance abuse events for the purpose of Brady background checks.Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, United States Department of Justice. Grant No. 96-RU-RX-K026.Introduction / Identification and Tracking of Drug Addicts and Unlawful Users / Contribution Data to the Criminal History Repository / Treatment Providers and the Private Sector / Summar

A measurement to analyze the relative change in the Absolute Parity of Power Purchase: An application to the European Union

In the present paper an index to measure the changes in the Absolute Purchasing Power Parity. in the short term of a group of territories that conform an unique market, using the information of the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices and the Exchange Rates. This measurement is utilized to study the change in relative prices of the countries of the European Union for the period 1991-2002, and the fulfillment of the theory of the Relative Purchasing Power Parity, taking as a reference the Absolute Purchasing Power Parity in the reference time of the Price Index. The difficulties found to do these comparisons have given rise to multitude of jobs that can be classified in two large groups. In the first group are the efforts focused to find the best instrument to do comparable the figures of the distinct economies. In this line, it is emphasized the use and the advances in the index numbers theory [for a historic revision applied to price index see Diewert, W. (1993), for a theoretical revision see Balk, B. (1995) and Hill, T. (1988)] and the jobs carried out in the International Program of Comparison (ICP), program belonging to the statistical division of United Nations with near 35 years of life, and whose objective is to produce estimations of the National Gross Product and its components, that can be comparable among countries in real terms. It utilizes the concept of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), [UN (1992)]. In the same line, the European Program of Comparison is developed by Eurostat and the OCDE since 1980. In the second group the investigations based in the unit price law and the theory of of the PPP to explain the behavior of the rate of change among two or more countries. In this case, the objective is focused in the analysis of the economic implications of its fulfillment or not, and how being able to test its fulfillment [Cheung, AND W., Lai, K. (2000), Engel, C. (2000), Reads, M. (1976), Taylor, A. (2001)] This job is inside of the first group of investigations. An index is defined to reflect changes in the Relative Purchasing Power Parity among a group of countries that do not share a common currency. This measurement can be obtained from Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), and from the Exchange Rates among the currencies of the distinct countries. The results show the strong distorting effect that exchange rate has upon the Purchasing Power Parity among countries. The evolution of the internal prices of each country is a residual factor to explain the changes in the Purchasing Power Parity. In this sense, the apparition of euro contributes to a clear stability for the consumers whose countries have adopted the euro than those that have not adopted yet. However, in the euro zone systematic behaviours in some of the countries are detected that indicate that, their Purchasing Power Parity is changing in a systematic way, with regard to the average Purchasing Power Parity of the Monetary Union.

Unfair allocation of gains under equal price in cooperative purchasing

Cooperative purchasing is becoming more and more common practice. However, many cooperative initiatives end prematurely or do not flourish. Important reasons indi-cated for these problems are directly or indirectly related to the unfair allocation of gains. The purpose of this paper is to analyse causes of unfairness in current cooperative practices, and in particular unfairness resulting from using the Equal Price allocation concept. I suggest that the unfair effects of this commonly used concept are caused by neglecting a specific part of the added value of cooperative initiative members. Moreover, I prove that when using the Equal Price concept organisations will receive fewer gains if they increase their volume past 38% of the total volume of a cooperative initiative. In case of a constant total volume I prove that Equal Price reaches its maximum pay-off when the volume of an organisation equals 25%. I conclude by emphasizing the importance of cooperative members becoming aware of allocation concept problems. Further research will involve possible solutions to these problems

February 2006 Newsletter

This document is part of a digital collection provided by the Martin P. Catherwood Library, ILR School, Cornell University, pertaining to the effects of globalization on the workplace worldwide. Special emphasis is placed on labor rights, working conditions, labor market changes, and union organizing.ILRF__NewsletterFeb2006.pdf: 21 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020