56 research outputs found

    A QoS Aware Approach to Service-Oriented Communication in Future Automotive Networks

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    Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is about to enter automotive networks based on the SOME/IP middleware and an Ethernet high-bandwidth communication layer. It promises to meet the growing demands on connectivity and flexibility for software components in modern cars. Largely heterogeneous service requirements and time-sensitive network functions make Quality-of-Service (QoS) agreements a vital building block within future automobiles. Existing middleware solutions, however, do not allow for a dynamic selection of QoS. This paper presents a service-oriented middleware for QoS aware communication in future cars. We contribute a protocol for dynamic QoS negotiation along with a multi-protocol stack, which supports the different communication classes as derived from a thorough requirements analysis. We validate the feasibility of our approach in a case study and evaluate its performance in a simulation model of a realistic in-car network. Our findings indicate that QoS aware communication can indeed meet the requirements, while the impact of the service negotiations and setup times of the network remain acceptable provided the cross-traffic during negotiations stays below 70% of the available bandwidth

    Modular software architecture for flexible reservation mechanisms on heterogeneous resources

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    Management, allocation and scheduling of heterogeneous resources for complex distributed real-time applications is a chal- lenging problem. Timing constraints of applications may be fulfilled by a proper use of real-time scheduling policies, admission control and enforcement of timing constraints. However, it is not easy to design basic infrastructure services that allow for an easy access to the allocation of multiple heterogeneous resources in a distributed environment. In this paper, we present a middleware for providing distributed soft real-time applications with a uniform API for reserving heterogeneous resources with real-time scheduling capabilities in a distributed environment. The architecture relies on standard POSIX OS facilities, such as time management and standard TCP/IP networking services, and it is designed around CORBA, in order to facilitate modularity, flexibility and portability of the applications using it. However, real-time scheduling is supported by proper extensions at the kernel-level, plugged within the framework by means of dedicated resource managers. Our current implementation on Linux supports reservation of CPU, disk and network bandwidth. However, additional resource managers supporting alternative real-time schedulers for these resources, as well as additional types of resources, may be easily added. We present experimental results gathered on both synthetic applications and a real multimedia video streaming case study, showing advantages deriving from the use of the proposed middleware. Finally, overhead figures are reported, showing sustainability of the approach for a wide class of complex, distributed, soft real-time applications

    End-to-end quality of service provisioning in multilayer and multidomain environments

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    Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Escuela Politécnica Superior, marzo de 200

    Congestion control mechanism for sensor-cloud Infrastructure

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     This thesis has developed a sensor-Cloud system that integrates WBANs with Cloud computing to enable real-time sensor data collection, storage, processing, sharing and management. As the main contribution of this study, a congestion detection and control protocol is proposed to ensure acceptable data flows are maintained during the network lifetime

    Resource management for multimedia traffic over ATM broadband satellite networks

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    Real-time communications over switched Ethernet supporting dynamic QoS management

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    Doutoramento em Engenharia InformáticaDurante a última década temos assistido a um crescente aumento na utilização de sistemas embutidos para suporte ao controlo de processos, de sistemas robóticos, de sistemas de transportes e veículos e até de sistemas domóticos e eletrodomésticos. Muitas destas aplicações são críticas em termos de segurança de pessoas e bens e requerem um alto nível de determinismo com respeito aos instantes de execução das respectivas tarefas. Além disso, a implantação destes sistemas pode estar sujeita a limitações estruturais, exigindo ou beneficiando de uma configuração distribuída, com vários subsistemas computacionais espacialmente separados. Estes subsistemas, apesar de espacialmente separados, são cooperativos e dependem de uma infraestrutura de comunicação para atingir os objectivos da aplicação e, por consequência, também as transacções efectuadas nesta infraestrutura estão sujeitas às restrições temporais definidas pela aplicação. As aplicações que executam nestes sistemas distribuídos, chamados networked embedded systems (NES), podem ser altamente complexas e heterogéneas, envolvendo diferentes tipos de interacções com diferentes requisitos e propriedades. Um exemplo desta heterogeneidade é o modelo de activação da comunicação entre os subsistemas que pode ser desencadeada periodicamente de acordo com uma base de tempo global (time-triggered), como sejam os fluxos de sistemas de controlo distribuído, ou ainda ser desencadeada como consequência de eventos assíncronos da aplicação (event-triggered). Independentemente das características do tráfego ou do seu modelo de activação, é de extrema importância que a plataforma de comunicações disponibilize as garantias de cumprimento dos requisitos da aplicação ao mesmo tempo que proporciona uma integração simples dos vários tipos de tráfego. Uma outra propriedade que está a emergir e a ganhar importância no seio dos NES é a flexibilidade. Esta propiedade é realçada pela necessidade de reduzir os custos de instalação, manutenção e operação dos sistemas. Neste sentido, o sistema é dotado da capacidade para adaptar o serviço fornecido à aplicação aos respectivos requisitos instantâneos, acompanhando a evolução do sistema e proporcionando uma melhor e mais racional utilização dos recursos disponíveis. No entanto, maior flexibilidade operacional é igualmente sinónimo de maior complexidade derivada da necessidade de efectuar a alocação dinâmica dos recursos, acabando também por consumir recursos adicionais no sistema. A possibilidade de modificar dinâmicamente as caracteristicas do sistema também acarreta uma maior complexidade na fase de desenho e especificação. O aumento do número de graus de liberdade suportados faz aumentar o espaço de estados do sistema, dificultando a uma pre-análise. No sentido de conter o aumento de complexidade são necessários modelos que representem a dinâmica do sistema e proporcionem uma gestão optimizada e justa dos recursos com base em parâmetros de qualidade de serviço (QdS). É nossa tese que as propriedades de flexibilidade, pontualidade e gestão dinâmica de QdS podem ser integradas numa rede switched Ethernet (SE), tirando partido do baixo custo, alta largura de banda e fácil implantação. Nesta dissertação é proposto um protocolo, Flexible Time-Triggered communication over Switched Ethernet (FTT-SE), que suporta as propriedades desejadas e que ultrapassa as limitações das redes SE para aplicações de tempo-real tais como a utilização de filas FIFO, a existência de poucos níveis de prioridade e a pouca capacidade de gestão individualizada dos fluxos. O protocolo baseia-se no paradigma FTT, que genericamente define a arquitectura de uma pilha protocolar sobre o acesso ao meio de uma rede partilhada, impondo desta forma determinismo temporal, juntamente com a capacidade para reconfiguração e adaptação dinâmica da rede. São ainda apresentados vários modelos de distribuição da largura de banda da rede de acordo com o nível de QdS especificado por cada serviço utilizador da rede. Esta dissertação expõe a motivação para a criação do protocolo FTT-SE, apresenta uma descrição do mesmo, bem como a análise de algumas das suas propiedades mais relevantes. São ainda apresentados e comparados modelos de distribuição da QdS. Finalmente, são apresentados dois casos de aplicações que sustentam a validade da tese acima mencionada.During the last decade we have witnessed a massive deployment of embedded systems on a wide applications range, from industrial automation to process control, avionics, cars or even robotics. Many of these applications have an inherently high level of criticality, having to perform tasks within tight temporal constraints. Additionally, the configuration of such systems is often distributed, with several computing nodes that rely on a communication infrastructure to cooperate and achieve the application global goals. Therefore, the communications are also subject to the same temporal constraints set by the application requirements. Many applications relying on such networked embedded systems (NES) are complex and heterogeneous, comprehending different activities with different requirements and properties. For example, the communication between subsystems may follow a strict temporal synchronization with respect to a global time-base (time-triggered), like in a distributed feedback control loop, or it may be issued asynchronously upon the occurrence of events (eventtriggered). Regardless of the traffic characteristics and its activation model, it is of paramount importance having a communication framework that provides seamless integration of heterogeneous traffic sources while guaranteeing the application requirements. Another property that has been emerging as important for NES design and operation is flexibility. The need to reduce installation and operational costs, while facilitating maintenance is promoting a more rational use of the available resources at run-time, exploring the ability to tune service parameters as the system evolves. However, such operational flexibility comes with the cost of increasing the complexity of the system to handle the dynamic resource management, which on the other hand demands the allocation of additional system resources. Moreover, the capacity to dynamically modify the system properties also causes a higher complexity when designing and specifying the system, since the operational state-space increases with the degrees of flexibility of the system. Therefore, in order to bound this complexity appropriate operational models are needed to handle the system dynamics and carry on an efficient and fair resource management strategy based on quality of service (QoS) metrics. This thesis states that the properties of flexibility and timeliness as needed for dynamic QoS management can be provided to switched Ethernet based systems. Switched Ethernet, although initially designed for general purpose Internet access and file transfers, is becoming widely used in NES-based applications. However, COTS switched Ethernet is insufficient regarding the needs for real-time predictability and for supporting the aforementioned properties due the use of FIFO queues too few priority levels and for stream-level management capabilities. In this dissertation we propose a protocol to overcome those limitations, namely the Flexible Time-Triggered communication over Switched Ethernet (FTT-SE). The protocol is based on the FTT paradigm that generically defines a protocol architecture suitable to enforce real-time determinism on a communication network supporting the desired flexibility properties. This dissertation addresses the motivation for FTT-SE, describing the protocol as well as its schedulability analysis. It additionally covers the resource distribution topic, where several distribution models are proposed to manage the resource capacity among the competing services and while considering the QoS level requirements of each service. A couple of application cases are shown that support the aforementioned thesis

    Towards flexible, scalable and autonomic virtual tenant slices

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    Architectures for virtualization and performance evaluation in software defined networks

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