93,559 research outputs found
Beyond advertising: New infrastructures for publishing integrated research objects
ABSTRACT: Moving beyond static text and illustrations is a central challenge for scientific publishing in the 21st century. As early as 1995, Donoho and Buckheit paraphrased John Claerbout that âan article about [a] computational result is advertising, not scholarship. The actual scholarship is the full software environment, code and data, that produced the resultâ [1]. Awareness of this problem has only grown over the last 25 years; nonetheless, scientific publishing infrastructures remain remarkably resistant to change [2]. Even as these infrastructures have largely stagnated, the internet has ushered in a transition âfrom the wet lab to the web labâ [3]. New expectations have emerged in this shift, but these expectations must play against the reality of currently available infrastructures and associated sociological pressures. Here, we compare current scientific publishing norms against those associated with online content more broadly, and we argue that meeting the âClaerbout challengeâ of providing the full software environment, code, and data supporting a scientific result will require open infrastructure development to create environments for authoring, reviewing, and accessing interactive research objects
Data fluidity in DARIAH -- pushing the agenda forward
This paper provides both an update concerning the setting up of the European
DARIAH infrastructure and a series of strong action lines related to the
development of a data centred strategy for the humanities in the coming years.
In particular we tackle various aspect of data management: data hosting, the
setting up of a DARIAH seal of approval, the establishment of a charter between
cultural heritage institutions and scholars and finally a specific view on
certification mechanisms for data
Implementing Open Access Policy: First case studies
When implementing open access, policy pioneers and flagship institutions alike have faced considerable challenges in meeting their own aims and achieving a recognized success. Legitimate authority, sufficient resources and the right timing are crucial, but the professionals charged with implementing policy still need several years to accomplish significant progress. This study defines a methodological standard for evaluating the first generation of open access policies. Evaluating implementation establishes evidence, enables reflection, and may foster the emergence of a second generation of open access policies. While the study is based on a small number of cases, these case studies cover most of the pioneer institutions, present the most significant issues and offer an international overview. Each case is reconstructed individually on the basis of public documents and background information, and supported by interviews with professionals responsible for open access implementation. This article presents the highlights from each case study. The results are utilized to indicate how a second generation of policies might define open access as a key component of digital research infrastructures that provide inputs and outputs for research, teaching and learning in real time.</p
Theory and Practice of Data Citation
Citations are the cornerstone of knowledge propagation and the primary means
of assessing the quality of research, as well as directing investments in
science. Science is increasingly becoming "data-intensive", where large volumes
of data are collected and analyzed to discover complex patterns through
simulations and experiments, and most scientific reference works have been
replaced by online curated datasets. Yet, given a dataset, there is no
quantitative, consistent and established way of knowing how it has been used
over time, who contributed to its curation, what results have been yielded or
what value it has.
The development of a theory and practice of data citation is fundamental for
considering data as first-class research objects with the same relevance and
centrality of traditional scientific products. Many works in recent years have
discussed data citation from different viewpoints: illustrating why data
citation is needed, defining the principles and outlining recommendations for
data citation systems, and providing computational methods for addressing
specific issues of data citation.
The current panorama is many-faceted and an overall view that brings together
diverse aspects of this topic is still missing. Therefore, this paper aims to
describe the lay of the land for data citation, both from the theoretical (the
why and what) and the practical (the how) angle.Comment: 24 pages, 2 tables, pre-print accepted in Journal of the Association
for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 201
Geospatial information infrastructures
Manual of Digital Earth / Editors: Huadong Guo, Michael F. Goodchild, Alessandro Annoni .- Springer, 2020 .- ISBN: 978-981-32-9915-3Geospatial information infrastructures (GIIs) provide the technological, semantic,organizationalandlegalstructurethatallowforthediscovery,sharing,and use of geospatial information (GI). In this chapter, we introduce the overall concept and surrounding notions such as geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial datainfrastructures(SDI).WeoutlinethehistoryofGIIsintermsoftheorganizational andtechnologicaldevelopmentsaswellasthecurrentstate-of-art,andreïŹectonsome of the central challenges and possible future trajectories. We focus on the tension betweenincreasedneedsforstandardizationandtheever-acceleratingtechnological changes. We conclude that GIIs evolved as a strong underpinning contribution to implementation of the Digital Earth vision. In the future, these infrastructures are challengedtobecomeïŹexibleandrobustenoughtoabsorbandembracetechnological transformationsandtheaccompanyingsocietalandorganizationalimplications.With this contribution, we present the reader a comprehensive overview of the ïŹeld and a solid basis for reïŹections about future developments
IRS II: a framework and infrastructure for semantic web services
In this paper we describe IRSâII (Internet Reasoning Service) a framework and implemented infrastructure, whose main goal is to support the publication, location, composition and execution of heterogeneous web services, augmented with semantic descriptions of their functionalities. IRSâII has three main classes of features which distinguish it from other work on semantic web services. Firstly, it supports one-click publishing of standalone software: IRSâII automatically creates the appropriate wrappers, given pointers to the standalone code. Secondly, it explicitly distinguishes between tasks (what to do) and methods (how to achieve tasks) and as a result supports capability-driven service invocation; flexible mappings between services and problem specifications; and dynamic, knowledge-based service selection. Finally, IRSâII services are web service compatible â standard web services can be trivially published through the IRSâII and any IRSâII service automatically appears as a standard web service to other web service infrastructures. In the paper we illustrate the main functionalities of IRSâII through a scenario involving a distributed application in the healthcare domain
Green public procurement criteria for road infrastructures: State of the art and proposal of a weighted sum multicriteria analysis to assessenvironmental impacts
In the last years, the attention to environmental issue is growing, demonstrating the interest to protect the nature and to better use the non-renewable resources. At international level, and especially in the European Community, for different trades, a wide production of voluntary documents and institutional acts proves the interest and the need for a green economy. An innovative approach may lead to the experience of Green Public Procurements (GPP), to protect the environment as a public interest and to promote technological developments. So far, the experiences of GPP are limited, not entirely positive and in the field of road infrastructures almost entirely absent. Construction and maintenance of road infrastructures is objectively more complex than purchasing goods or services. The paper proposes the integration of the weighted sum multi-criteria analysis into existing procedures. The methodology needs for environmental labels related to materials, machines and works which contribute to the final product "road". The labels are recognized at international level and consistent with procedures, conditions and criteria currently published in road tenders, therefore the approach can be followed to pursue the environmental sustainability of road infrastructures without compromising the economic attention
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