The LBS package - a microcomputer implementation of the Light Beam Search method for the multiple -objective non-linear mathematical programming

The paper presents the LBS package which is a microcomputer implementation of the Light Beam Search method. The software has been designed to support interactive analysis of multiple-objective continuous non-linear mathematical programming problems. At the decision phase of the interactive procedure, a sample of points, composed of the current point and a number of alternative proposals, is presented to the decision maker (DM). The sample is constructed to ensure a relatively easy evaluation of the sample by the DM. To this end an outranking relation is used as a local preference model in a neighborhood of the current point. The outranking relation is used to define a sub-region of the non-dominated set where the sample presented to the DM comes from. The DM has two possibilities to move from one sub-region to another which better fits his/her preferences. The first possibility consists in specifying a new reference point which is then projected onto the non-dominated set in order to find a better non-dominated point. The second possibility consists in shifting the current point to a selected point from the sub-region. In both cases, a new sub-region is defined around the updated current point. This technique can be compared to projecting a focused beam of light from a spotlight at the reference point onto the non-dominated set; the highlighted sub-region changes when either the reference point or the point of interest in the non-dominated set are changed. The LBS package has been implemented in Turbo Pascal within the MS-Windows environment. The package includes two versions of the LBS executable program and a set of example problems. The LBS program is composed of three modules: the problem definition module, the solver module and the interactive analysis module. The problem definition module allows for defining multiple-objective non-linear problems in a natural text form. It supports also checking the correctness of the problem definition and compilation of a problem defined in a text form to an internal format. The solver module is exchangeable and any non-linear optimizer fining to the specified interface can be used in this module. The two versions of the LBS program differ just by the solver used. The first one, coming from the PINOKIO package, is an implementation of the Generalized Reduced Gradient method (GRG). The second one, coming from the DIDAS-N package is an implementation of the Penalty Shifting Method. The interactive analysis module makes an extensive use of computer graphics to help in the perception of a large amount of information. The graphical windows environment allows for simultaneous presentation of different kinds of information and mixing of textual, numerical and graphical forms of presentation

A decision support system for the equipment selection of robotic manufacturing cells

Considering the principles of concurrent engineering, a Decision Support System (DSS) is developed to aid in the equipment selection of robotic manufacturing cells. The objective is to synchronously and simultaneously select proper equipment for the cell to provide efficient performance, subject to operational and budgetary constraints. The DSS consists of several modules, including a data base that houses the specifications of equipment available in the market place, a first cut selection module, and an optimization engine. In its development, the optimization scheme utilizes analytical models and algorithms that capture different sources of variability in production, such as tolerances, clearances and repeatability, encapsulating them into one index that calibrates the percentage of quality items yielded by the system. Based on the available resources, the cells\u27 equipment are then selected to maximize this index. Although the system introduced here focuses on two of the major components in manufacturing cells, industrial robots, and machining centers, it can be easily extended to cover other devices such as conveyors or feeders. In addition to the three case studies provided, where the DSS is utilized in various situations, a user\u27s manual is appended to the thesis. Its purpose is to aid practitioners in an easily implementable step by step fashion to choose the proper components of the considered manufacturing cell

Cognitive biases, heuristics and decision-making in design for behaviour change

Copyright @ 2012 Social Science Electronic PublishingMuch human behaviour can be seen as decision-making, and so understanding and influencing those decision-making processes could be an important component in design for behaviour change. This paper examines the 'heuristics and biases' approach to modelling decision-making, and attempts to extract insights which are relevant to designers working to influence user behaviour for social or environmental benefit -- either by exploiting biases, or helping to counter those which lead to undesirable behaviour. Areas covered include a number of specific cognitive biases in detail, and the alternative perspective of Gigerenzer and others, who contend (following Herbert Simon) that many heuristics potentially leading to biases are actually ecologically rational, and part of humans' adaptive responses to situations. The design relevance of this is briefly considered, and implications for designers are summarised

Conversations with chemists: information seeking behavior of chemistry faculty in the electronic age.

This manuscript is a final draft of the article as submitted to the Haworth journal Science and Technology Libraries in December 2002. Due to editorial error, Haworth published an earlier draft of this paper instead of the final draft. They declined to rectify this error in the online version of the journal. The reader is advised that the author considers this version to be the definitive final draft that should have been published but was not. Scholars wishing to cite this work should preferably cite this final preprint, rather than the published article.Six faculty members in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Texas at Austin were interviewed one-on-one to gather information about their information-seeking behavior, favored resources, and opinions about the transition from a print to an electronic information environment. In most cases, these chemistry faculty members have eagerly embraced the enhanced access to chemical information made possible by the steady addition of electronic journals and networked database systems. The most-cited benefits include significant time-saving and convenience as well as access to more journals than ever. As a result, use of the physical library and its printed collections by faculty is declining. Chemistry faculty interviewed expressed a strong self-reliance in their information-seeking skills, and showed sophistication in their choice of tools.UT Librarie

Interactive Computer Service Liability for User-Generated Content After \u3cem\u3eRoommates.com\u3c/em\u3e

This Note explores the future of interactive computer service provider (ICSP) liability for user-generated content under the Communications Decency Act (CDA) after Roommates.com II. Roommates.com II held that a housing website was not entitled to immunity under § 230 of the CDA from federal Fair Housing Act claims, in part because providing preselected answers to a mandatory questionnaire rendered the site an information content provider at least partially responsible for creation or development of answers. After examining the historical and legislative origins of ICSP immunity for user-generated content under 47 U.S. C. § 230, this Note argues that courts should generally evaluate ICSP immunity from claims arising out of both entirely and partially user-generated content on the basis of whether the ICSP is the sole information content provider Section 230\u27s focus on which party provides the essential content and the statutory definition of information content provider support this interpretation. This Note further argues, however that Congress should amend § 230 to limit immunity in circumstances where the ICSP is an information content provider with respect to an objectionable housing advertisement and specifically redefine information content provider to include the use of ICSP created dropdown answers to ICSP required questions. This proposal is narrowly adapted to better serve the purposes of the Fair Housing Act and § 230 than the current statutory language because it defines the scope of immunity to balance the conflicting goals of the two statutes

AGENT MEETING SCHEDULER

This dissertation is purposed to record all the data gathered throughout author's study and research for this project. A deep study of agent algorithm is conducted based on current available agent meeting scheduler from combination of software agent and algorithm data structure knowledge. The current problem of typical meeting scheduler is it is time consuming and inefficient; and also a resource needs to be allocated to perform the meeting scheduling job. Agent meeting scheduler will be used to replace this typical meeting scheduler to make it more efficient in term of deciding meeting time. The study is meant to research and select suitable algorithm to be implemented in agent meeting scheduler. An agent meeting scheduler prototype then will be developed to prove that the selected algorithm is working properly. Qualitative research method is being used to gather necessary data on agent algorithm and this data will be used to select the suitable algorithm. Through the research conducted on available algorithm for agent meeting scheduler, genetic algorithm is selected to be used in this project. The agent meeting scheduler prototype then will be developed by using PHP language. PHP is selected for its interactivity and extensibility

A study of spatial data models and their application to selecting information from pictorial databases

People have always used visual techniques to locate information in the space surrounding them. However with the advent of powerful computer systems and user-friendly interfaces it has become possible to extend such techniques to stored pictorial information. Pictorial database systems have in the past primarily used mathematical or textual search techniques to locate specific pictures contained within such databases. However these techniques have largely relied upon complex combinations of numeric and textual queries in order to find the required pictures. Such techniques restrict users of pictorial databases to expressing what is in essence a visual query in a numeric or character based form. What is required is the ability to express such queries in a form that more closely matches the user's visual memory or perception of the picture required. It is suggested in this thesis that spatial techniques of search are important and that two of the most important attributes of a picture are the spatial positions and the spatial relationships of objects contained within such pictures. It is further suggested that a database management system which allows users to indicate the nature of their query by visually placing iconic representations of objects on an interface in spatially appropriate positions, is a feasible method by which pictures might be found from a pictorial database. This thesis undertakes a detailed study of spatial techniques using a combination of historical evidence, psychological conclusions and practical examples to demonstrate that the spatial metaphor is an important concept and that pictures can be readily found by visually specifying the spatial positions and relationships between objects contained within them

Advances in Methodology and Applications of Decision Support Systems

These Proceedings are composed of a selection of papers of the Workshop on Advances in Methodology and Applications of Decision Support Systems, organized by the System and Decision Sciences (SDS) Program of IIASA and the Japan Institute of Systems Research (JISR). The workshop was held at IIASA on August 20-22, 1990. The Methodology of Decision Analysis (MDA) Project of the SDS Program focuses on a system-analytical approach to decision support and is devoted to developing methodology, software and applications of decision support systems concentrated primarily around interactive systems for data analysis, interpretation and multiobjective decisionmaking, including uncertainty analysis and group decision making situations in both their cooperative and noncooperative aspects. The objectives of the research on decision support systems (DSS) performed in cooperation with the MDA Project are to: compare various approaches to decision support systems; advance theory and methodology of decision support; convert existing theories and methodologies into usable (simple to use, user-friendly and robust) tools that could easily be used in solving real-life problems. A principal characteristic of decision support systems is that they must be tuned to specific decision situations, to complex real-life characteristics of every application. Even if the theory and methodology of decision support is quite advanced, every application might provide impulses for further theoretical and methodological advances. Therefore the principle underlying this project is that theoretical and methodological research should be strongly connected to the implementation and applications of its results to sufficiently complicated, real-life examples. This approach results in obtaining really applicable working tools for decision support. The papers for this Proceedings have been selected according to the above summarized framework of the research activities. Therefore, the papers deal both with theoretical and methodological problems and with real-life applications

Special Libraries, July 1978

Volume 69, Issue 7https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1978/1005/thumbnail.jp