Do agonistic behaviours bias baited remote underwater video surveys of fish?

Marine environments require monitoring to determine the effects of impacts such as climate change, coastal development and pollution and also to assess the effectiveness of conservation measures. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are being established globally and require periodic monitoring to determine whether their objectives are being met. Baited underwater video systems are becoming a popular method for monitoring change within protected fish populations, because they are less damaging to habitats than bottom trawling and allow for more statistical powerful comparisons to determine spatial and temporal patterns in the relative abundances, lengths and biomass of demersal and pelagic fishes. However, much remains uncertain about how interactions between the fish and bait and between the fish themselves affect the results obtained. Agonistic behaviours are frequently observed around the bait of the camera and potentially bias fish density estimates by altering the number and size classes seen at cameras. Here we counted the number of agonistic behaviours between pink snappers (Pagrus auratus), the size of fish involved and whether the fish left the field of view following such behaviours. The study consisted of 20 baited underwater video deployments inside a New Zealand marine reserve and 20 in adjacent open areas. We observed a significant relationship between the peak number of fish observed at the camera and the total number of agonistic behaviours, as well as the number of both aggressor and subordinate fish leaving the camera field of view following interactions. The slope of the latter relationship and thus the absolute numbers of fish leaving were higher for subordinate fish. As subordinates were significantly smaller than aggressors, the apparent size frequency distribution is likely skewed away from smaller size classes. The staying time of the fish and thus the maximum number of fish present at the camera will be reduced by agonistic behaviours and the absolute magnitude of this effect appears to be greater at high fish densities. Our results suggest that an overall effect of these phenomena is to underestimate the differences in abundance between MPAs and open areas, but also to overestimate differences in average size

Programmes at the turning point. Challenges, activities and developments for partner regions : September 2003-March 2004

This paper looks at structural funds programmes and a range of issues relating to the mid-term of the programmes, with the completion of the mid-term evaluations, the development of proposals for allocating the performance reserve and the mid term review

Report to the Community 2008

Contains mission statement, board chairman and president's letter, president's report, program information, grantee and partner profiles, grant highlights, lists of new gifts and funds, financial summary, and lists of board members and staff

Using Data to Promote Collaboration in Local School Readiness Systems

Presents findings from the National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership's community-level data analysis on services that improve physical and mental health, family stability, and neighborhood environments to foster collaboration for school readiness

Environmental Degradation and the Legal Imperatives of Improvement: Forest Policy in Western Australia from European Settlement to 1918

The Australian forests have experienced deforestation since European settlement in 1788. According to Bradshaw, Australia has lost nearly 40% of its forests and the remaining forest is highly fragmented and degraded. In Western Australia (WA), Australia’s only biodiversity hotspot, forests cover approximately 16% or 21.0 million hectares. In the southwest and central parts of the state these forests are significantly cutover and degraded. In some instances, particularly in the wheatbelt, the local cutover has been complete. For example, in the Avon Botanical District (the central part of the wheatbelt) over 93% of the original vegetation and 97% of the woodlands were removed. William Wallace, an officer of the Forest Department, estimated that between 1829 and 1920, 1 million acres of forest was cut. The Forests Department Annual 1921 Report lamented: [S]eventy five years of practically uncontrolled cutting, and entirely uncontrolled burning have reduced this national asset to such a condition that only a negligible quantity of sound young trees is growing to the acre on the portion that has been cutover. Today the only significant forests that remain in Western Australia are the Jarrah, Karri and Wandoo forests. However, these forests have been significantly degraded and contain approximately 30% of their original forest cover

Odyssey: The Burton D. Morgan Foundation 2014 Annual Report

"You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself any direction you choose. You're on your own. An you know what you know. And YOU are the one who'll decide where to go..."- Dr. Seuss, Oh, The Places You'll Go!In this verse, Dr. Seuss captures the true essence of the entrepreneurial journey, the overarching theme of our 2014 annual report. Our concept this year reflects Burt Morgan's boundless sense of adventure, a drive that took him to all corners of the globe spreading the spirit of entrepreneurship. We enjoyed our own mind-expanding journey in 2014 exploring new frontiers in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education. The wild ride of the past twelve months has taken us across the nation and at least virtually around the globe as we connected with entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial ecosystems in places distant from Northeast Ohio. Our regional ecosystem performed with gusto as students found record succuss in national venture competitions, our collegiate programs garnered wide recognition, the NEO ecosystem restructured for greater effectiveness, and JumpStart-mentored ventures experienced healthy exits. We enthusiastically welcomed Angela Kwallek Evans and Emily Bean to the Foundation as new program officers and express tremendous gratitude to former staff members Leslie Nelson and Alison Burner for their major contributions to the vitality of our grant portfolios. We look forward with great anticipation to 2015 and all the places we will go!From the Road,Deborah D. HooverPresident & CE

Special Libraries, April 1956

Volume 47, Issue 4https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1956/1003/thumbnail.jp

Annotated bibliography on socio-economic and ecological impacts of marine protected areas in Pacific Island countries

The bibliography is to highlight impacts on fisheries and livelihoods attributed to coral reef marine protected areas in Pacific Island countries and territories. Included in this collection is literature that reports various forms of reef area management practiced in Pacific Island countries: reserves, sanctuaries, permanent or temporary closed areas, community and traditional managed areas. (Document contains 36 pages