57 research outputs found
A Closer Look into Recent Video-based Learning Research: A Comprehensive Review of Video Characteristics, Tools, Technologies, and Learning Effectiveness
People increasingly use videos on the Web as a source for learning. To
support this way of learning, researchers and developers are continuously
developing tools, proposing guidelines, analyzing data, and conducting
experiments. However, it is still not clear what characteristics a video should
have to be an effective learning medium. In this paper, we present a
comprehensive review of 257 articles on video-based learning for the period
from 2016 to 2021. One of the aims of the review is to identify the video
characteristics that have been explored by previous work. Based on our
analysis, we suggest a taxonomy which organizes the video characteristics and
contextual aspects into eight categories: (1) audio features, (2) visual
features, (3) textual features, (4) instructor behavior, (5) learners
activities, (6) interactive features (quizzes, etc.), (7) production style, and
(8) instructional design. Also, we identify four representative research
directions: (1) proposals of tools to support video-based learning, (2) studies
with controlled experiments, (3) data analysis studies, and (4) proposals of
design guidelines for learning videos. We find that the most explored
characteristics are textual features followed by visual features, learner
activities, and interactive features. Text of transcripts, video frames, and
images (figures and illustrations) are most frequently used by tools that
support learning through videos. The learner activity is heavily explored
through log files in data analysis studies, and interactive features have been
frequently scrutinized in controlled experiments. We complement our review by
contrasting research findings that investigate the impact of video
characteristics on the learning effectiveness, report on tasks and technologies
used to develop tools that support learning, and summarize trends of design
guidelines to produce learning video
Computer-supported movement guidance: investigating visual/visuotactile guidance and informing the design of vibrotactile body-worn interfaces
This dissertation explores the use of interactive systems to support
movement guidance, with applications in various fields such as sports,
dance, physiotherapy, and immersive sketching. The research focuses
on visual, haptic, and visuohaptic approaches and aims to overcome
the limitations of traditional guidance methods, such as dependence
on an expert and high costs for the novice. The main contributions of
the thesis are (1) an evaluation of the suitability of various types of
displays and visualizations of the human body for posture guidance,
(2) an investigation into the influence of different viewpoints/perspectives,
the addition of haptic feedback, and various movement
properties on movement guidance in virtual environments, (3) an
investigation into the effectiveness of visuotactile guidance for hand
movements in a virtual environment, (4) two in-depth studies of haptic
perception on the body to inform the design of wearable and handheld
interfaces that leverage tactile output technologies, and (5) an
investigation into new interaction techniques for tactile guidance of
arm movements. The results of this research advance the state of the
art in the field, provide design and implementation insights, and pave
the way for new investigations in computer-supported movement
guidance
Geographic information extraction from texts
A large volume of unstructured texts, containing valuable geographic information, is available online. This information – provided implicitly or explicitly – is useful not only for scientific studies (e.g., spatial humanities) but also for many practical applications (e.g., geographic information retrieval). Although large progress has been achieved in geographic information extraction from texts, there are still unsolved challenges and issues, ranging from methods, systems, and data, to applications and privacy. Therefore, this workshop will provide a timely opportunity to discuss the recent advances, new ideas, and concepts but also identify research gaps in geographic information extraction
Transforming the Reading Experience of Scientific Documents with Polymorphism
Despite the opportunities created by digital reading, documents remain mostly static and mimic paper. Any improvement in the shape or form of documents has to come from authors who contend with current digital formats, workflows, and software and who impose a presentation to readers. Instead, I propose the concept of polymorphic documents which are documents that can change in form to offer better representations of the information they contain. I believe that multiple representations of the same information can help readers, and that any document can be made polymorphic, with no intervention from the original author. This thesis presents four projects investigating what information can be obtained from existing documents, how this information can be better represented, and how these representations can be generated using only the source document. To do so, I draw upon theories showing the benefit of presenting information using multiple representations; the design of interactive systems to support morphing representations; and user studies to evaluate system usability and the benefits of the new representations on reader comprehension
How Knowledge Workers Think Generative AI Will (Not) Transform Their Industries
Generative AI is expected to have transformative effects in multiple
knowledge industries. To better understand how knowledge workers expect
generative AI may affect their industries in the future, we conducted
participatory research workshops for seven different industries, with a total
of 54 participants across three US cities. We describe participants'
expectations of generative AI's impact, including a dominant narrative that cut
across the groups' discourse: participants largely envision generative AI as a
tool to perform menial work, under human review. Participants do not generally
anticipate the disruptive changes to knowledge industries currently projected
in common media and academic narratives. Participants do however envision
generative AI may amplify four social forces currently shaping their
industries: deskilling, dehumanization, disconnection, and disinformation. We
describe these forces, and then we provide additional detail regarding
attitudes in specific knowledge industries. We conclude with a discussion of
implications and research challenges for the HCI community.Comment: 40 pages, 5 tables, 6 figure
非英語母語話者のためのインタラクティブな書き換え
Tohoku University博士(情報科学)thesi
Experimental Narratives: A Comparison of Human Crowdsourced Storytelling and AI Storytelling
The paper proposes a framework that combines behavioral and computational
experiments employing fictional prompts as a novel tool for investigating
cultural artifacts and social biases in storytelling both by humans and
generative AI. The study analyzes 250 stories authored by crowdworkers in June
2019 and 80 stories generated by GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in March 2023 by merging
methods from narratology and inferential statistics. Both crowdworkers and
large language models responded to identical prompts about creating and falling
in love with an artificial human. The proposed experimental paradigm allows a
direct comparison between human and LLM-generated storytelling. Responses to
the Pygmalionesque prompts confirm the pervasive presence of the Pygmalion myth
in the collective imaginary of both humans and large language models. All
solicited narratives present a scientific or technological pursuit. The
analysis reveals that narratives from GPT-3.5 and particularly GPT-4 are more
more progressive in terms of gender roles and sexuality than those written by
humans. While AI narratives can occasionally provide innovative plot twists,
they offer less imaginative scenarios and rhetoric than human-authored texts.
The proposed framework argues that fiction can be used as a window into human
and AI-based collective imaginary and social dimensions
Modern Socio-Technical Perspectives on Privacy
This open access book provides researchers and professionals with a foundational understanding of online privacy as well as insight into the socio-technical privacy issues that are most pertinent to modern information systems, covering several modern topics (e.g., privacy in social media, IoT) and underexplored areas (e.g., privacy accessibility, privacy for vulnerable populations, cross-cultural privacy). The book is structured in four parts, which follow after an introduction to privacy on both a technical and social level: Privacy Theory and Methods covers a range of theoretical lenses through which one can view the concept of privacy. The chapters in this part relate to modern privacy phenomena, thus emphasizing its relevance to our digital, networked lives. Next, Domains covers a number of areas in which privacy concerns and implications are particularly salient, including among others social media, healthcare, smart cities, wearable IT, and trackers. The Audiences section then highlights audiences that have traditionally been ignored when creating privacy-preserving experiences: people from other (non-Western) cultures, people with accessibility needs, adolescents, and people who are underrepresented in terms of their race, class, gender or sexual identity, religion or some combination. Finally, the chapters in Moving Forward outline approaches to privacy that move beyond one-size-fits-all solutions, explore ethical considerations, and describe the regulatory landscape that governs privacy through laws and policies. Perhaps even more so than the other chapters in this book, these chapters are forward-looking by using current personalized, ethical and legal approaches as a starting point for re-conceptualizations of privacy to serve the modern technological landscape. The book’s primary goal is to inform IT students, researchers, and professionals about both the fundamentals of online privacy and the issues that are most pertinent to modern information systems. Lecturers or teacherscan assign (parts of) the book for a “professional issues” course. IT professionals may select chapters covering domains and audiences relevant to their field of work, as well as the Moving Forward chapters that cover ethical and legal aspects. Academicswho are interested in studying privacy or privacy-related topics will find a broad introduction in both technical and social aspects
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