From M-ary Query to Bit Query: a new strategy for efficient large-scale RFID identification

The tag collision avoidance has been viewed as one of the most important research problems in RFID communications and bit tracking technology has been widely embedded in query tree (QT) based algorithms to tackle such challenge. Existing solutions show further opportunity to greatly improve the reading performance because collision queries and empty queries are not fully explored. In this paper, a bit query (BQ) strategy based Mary query tree protocol (BQMT) is presented, which can not only eliminate idle queries but also separate collided tags into many small subsets and make full use of the collided bits. To further optimize the reading performance, a modified dual prefixes matching (MDPM) mechanism is presented to allow multiple tags to respond in the same slot and thus significantly reduce the number of queries. Theoretical analysis and simulations are supplemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed BQMT and MDPM, which outperform the existing QT-based algorithms. Also, the BQMT and MDPM can be combined to BQMDPM to improve the reading performance in system efficiency, total identification time, communication complexity and average energy cost

From M-ary Query to Bit Query: a new strategy for efficient large-scale RFID identification

The tag collision avoidance has been viewed as one of the most important research problems in RFID communications and bit tracking technology has been widely embedded in query tree (QT) based algorithms to tackle such challenge. Existing solutions show further opportunity to greatly improve the reading performance because collision queries and empty queries are not fully explored. In this paper, a bit query (BQ) strategy based Mary query tree protocol (BQMT) is presented, which can not only eliminate idle queries but also separate collided tags into many small subsets and make full use of the collided bits. To further optimize the reading performance, a modified dual prefixes matching (MDPM) mechanism is presented to allow multiple tags to respond in the same slot and thus significantly reduce the number of queries. Theoretical analysis and simulations are supplemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed BQMT and MDPM, which outperform the existing QT-based algorithms. Also, the BQMT and MDPM can be combined to BQMDPM to improve the reading performance in system efficiency, total identification time, communication complexity and average energy cost

Improving Reader Performance of an UHF RFID System Using Frequency Hopping Techniques

Computer Science Departmen

An analysis of the fundamental constraints on low cost passive radio-frequency identification system design

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-115).Passive radio frequency identification (RFID) systems provide an automatic means to inexpensively, accurately, and flexibly capture information. In combination with the Internet, which allows immediate accessibility and delivery of information, passive RFID systems will allow for increased productivities and efficiencies in every segment of the global supply chain. However, the necessary widespread adoption can only be achieved through improvements in performance - including range, speed, integrity, and compatibility - and in particular, decreases in cost. Designers of systems and standards must fully understand and optimize based on the fundamental constraints on passive RFID systems, which include electromagnetics, communications, regulations, and the limits of physical implementation. In this thesis, I present and analyze these fundamental constraints and their associated trade-offs in view of the important application and configuration dependant specifications.by Tom Ahlkvist Scharfeld.S.M

Power Control for Optimizing RFID Tag Reading Rate in Multi-Reader Environment: A Study on Conveyor Belt System

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems provide a mechanism to identify and track tagged objects using radio waves. It is an alternative for existing "bar code" identification of objects. However, to make the RFID system more efficient, most systems only use one or two readers to scan tagged items, which is far from enough. Hence many enterprises use multiple readers to achieve high performance. Other than that, companies increasing make use of multiple readers in conveyor belt systems. Some airports have conveyor belt systems utilizing RFID techniques to scan checked baggage for efficiently tracing suitcases of passengers. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze how to achieve the best passive RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) tag reading performance in a supply chain system (specifically, we focus on the conveyor belt system), in which case each tag would have the maximum time in the non-interference region in a dense reader environment. Two situations will be considered in this thesis. The first one is when the distances between neighboring readers are constant. The other is when the distances between neighboring readers are uniformly randomly distributed. A sensitivity analysis is performed on the above two cases in this thesis.Computer Science Departmen

Energy efficiency in short and wide-area IoT technologies—A survey

In the last years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key application context in the design and evolution of technologies in the transition toward a 5G ecosystem. More and more IoT technologies have entered the market and represent important enablers in the deployment of networks of interconnected devices. As network and spatial device densities grow, energy efficiency and consumption are becoming an important aspect in analyzing the performance and suitability of different technologies. In this framework, this survey presents an extensive review of IoT technologies, including both Low-Power Short-Area Networks (LPSANs) and Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs), from the perspective of energy efficiency and power consumption. Existing consumption models and energy efficiency mechanisms are categorized, analyzed and discussed, in order to highlight the main trends proposed in literature and standards toward achieving energy-efficient IoT networks. Current limitations and open challenges are also discussed, aiming at highlighting new possible research directions