Priorities Without Priorities: Representing Preemption in Psi-Calculi

Psi-calculi is a parametric framework for extensions of the pi-calculus with data terms and arbitrary logics. In this framework there is no direct way to represent action priorities, where an action can execute only if all other enabled actions have lower priority. We here demonstrate that the psi-calculi parameters can be chosen such that the effect of action priorities can be encoded. To accomplish this we define an extension of psi-calculi with action priorities, and show that for every calculus in the extended framework there is a corresponding ordinary psi-calculus, without priorities, and a translation between them that satisfies strong operational correspondence. This is a significantly stronger result than for most encodings between process calculi in the literature. We also formally prove in Nominal Isabelle that the standard congruence and structural laws about strong bisimulation hold in psi-calculi extended with priorities.Comment: In Proceedings EXPRESS/SOS 2014, arXiv:1408.127

Green Economy: Regional Priorities

The article is dedicated to transforming the economy of Russian regions to a green economy, which is an essential factor for the sustainable development. This is important not only for Russia but the whole world because our country has the great natural capital and provides important environmental services that support the planet biosphere. Based on the analysis of economic, social and ecological statistical data and Human Development Index (HDI) we have shown that the development of Russian Federal Districts is very unbalanced and each Russian region has its own way to new economic model. For instance, it is necessary to increase the well-being in the North Caucasus Federal District, it is important to reach higher life expectancy at birth in the Siberian and the Far Eastern Districts. It is necessary to move from the «brown» economy to a green one by using the human capital (building a knowledge economy), by applying Best Available Technologies (Techniques), by investing in efficiency of use of natural resources and by increasing energy efficiency. The transition to a green economy will help to achieve social equity and the development of human potential; it helps to move from the exploitation of non-renewable natural capital to renewable human capital. All these socio-economic measures should give decoupling effect, make risks lower, reduce the exploitation of natural capital, stop the environmental degradation and prevent the ecological crisis. Transition to the green economic model has to be accompanied by new economic development indicators, which take into account social and environmental factors.The research was supported by the grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 14-06-00075

Preventive Priorities Survey 2015

The Center for Preventive Action's annual Preventive Priorities Survey (PPS) evaluates ongoing and potential conflicts based on their likelihood of occurring in the coming year and their impact on U.S. interests. The PPS aims to help the U.S. policymaking community prioritize competing conflict prevention and mitigation demands. Read the 2015 report to find out which conflicts were ranked the top preventive priorities for U.S. policymakers

Task Force on Funding System Priorities Coordinated Action by CGIAR Members : Final Report for the Annual General Meeting 2005

At AGM2004, Denmark initiated a discussion on the topic of funding CGIAR priorities and proposed that a task force be commissioned to examine the possibility of developing a mechanism to allocate unrestricted funds in the context of the priorities recommended by the Science Council (SC). The Terms of reference for the task force were approved in March 2005 with objectives: 1) To assess and evaluate opportunities for financing System Priorities and, separately, for financing the SC and its Secretariat; and 2) To propose one or more new financing mechanisms in support of CGIAR priorities recommended by the SC. This report looks at funding trends, funding system priorities, a proposed "way forward", several funding mechanism options, and recommendations. It contains the following annexes: the task force terms of reference, the trends in financing the CGIAR, and the summary of donor survey to explore changing restricted funding to unrestricted. The task force was led by Finn Norman Christensen from Denmark. This document was discussed at the Business Meeting at AGM2005

Funding priorities and funding strategies

When planning a funding request, librarians must understand the societal forces affecting a library's parent institution and the forces affecting the library as a social system as well as a technical system. Before approaching a funding body, librarians must ask themselves whether issues that are important to them are also important to the funding body. When approaching the Council on Library Resources, specifically, librarians should be aware of four research areas of interest to the Council human resources, economics, infrastructure, and processing/access.published or submitted for publicatio

Determination of Priorities for Footway Reconstruction

This report describes a study conducted for Sheffield City Council to obtain pedestriansr reactions to the quality and acceptability of footways of different construction in different conditions, and to assess pedestriansr preferences for different types of footway construction. The results are intended to aid the Council in identifying priorities for the maintenance of existing footways, and preferred surfaces for new or reconstructed footways. The study involved four stages; a new survey to identify footway characteristics of concern to pedestrians; interviews and objective measurements at a total of 13 sites; interviews at a set of eight purpose built trial sites; and analysis and interpretation of the results

The Public's Health Care Agenda for the New President and Congress

Presents survey results, by party affiliation, ranking healthcare reform among policy priorities in an economic downturn. Examines federal healthcare spending, ways of financing reform, and priorities among reform goals, including regulation

Hegelian Priorities in Christendom: A Reconsideration

Arguments from the nineteenth century concerning whether Hegel was an atheist or a theist are still ongoing. This paper examines Hegel’s philosophical and theological milieu, his influence on the history of philosophy and on politics, his unique interpretation of the unity of theology and philosophy, and his unusually sanguine interpretation of the relationship between church and state, along with special problems he discerned in the emergence of democracies