Beyond the DSM-IV: Assumptions, Alternatives, and Alterations

Current diagnostic processes reflect the limitations and utility of the framework of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Clinical information in the DSM-IV\u27s 5-axis system almost exclusively focuses on weaknesses and pathology and is summarized in a flawed categorical system. Hence, the authors describe 3 adjunctive, or alternative, means of conceptualizing behavior; several means of altering the current DSM-IV system; and 2 future directions in the diagnosis of strengths

The exp-log normal form of types

Lambda calculi with algebraic data types lie at the core of functional programming languages and proof assistants, but conceal at least two fundamental theoretical problems already in the presence of the simplest non-trivial data type, the sum type. First, we do not know of an explicit and implemented algorithm for deciding the beta-eta-equality of terms---and this in spite of the first decidability results proven two decades ago. Second, it is not clear how to decide when two types are essentially the same, i.e. isomorphic, in spite of the meta-theoretic results on decidability of the isomorphism. In this paper, we present the exp-log normal form of types---derived from the representation of exponential polynomials via the unary exponential and logarithmic functions---that any type built from arrows, products, and sums, can be isomorphically mapped to. The type normal form can be used as a simple heuristic for deciding type isomorphism, thanks to the fact that it is a systematic application of the high-school identities. We then show that the type normal form allows to reduce the standard beta-eta equational theory of the lambda calculus to a specialized version of itself, while preserving the completeness of equality on terms. We end by describing an alternative representation of normal terms of the lambda calculus with sums, together with a Coq-implemented converter into/from our new term calculus. The difference with the only other previously implemented heuristic for deciding interesting instances of eta-equality by Balat, Di Cosmo, and Fiore, is that we exploit the type information of terms substantially and this often allows us to obtain a canonical representation of terms without performing sophisticated term analyses

“I’d Rather Be in Afghanistan”: Antinomies of \u3cem\u3eBattle: Los Angeles\u3c/em\u3e

This article reads Battle: Los Angeles (2011) against the grain to argue that the film possesses an antiwar undertow running unexpectedly counter to its surface-level pro-military politics. The article uses the antinomy structuring Battle: Los Angeles as the opportunity to explore the pro- and anti-war politics of science fiction alien invasion film more generally, as well as consider the role of cooperation with the military in Hollywood blockbusters. The article closes with a Jamesonian reading of “the army”: as a kind of utopia as registered by mainstream cultural texts like Battle: Los Angeles

Logic programming in the context of multiparadigm programming: the Oz experience

Oz is a multiparadigm language that supports logic programming as one of its major paradigms. A multiparadigm language is designed to support different programming paradigms (logic, functional, constraint, object-oriented, sequential, concurrent, etc.) with equal ease. This article has two goals: to give a tutorial of logic programming in Oz and to show how logic programming fits naturally into the wider context of multiparadigm programming. Our experience shows that there are two classes of problems, which we call algorithmic and search problems, for which logic programming can help formulate practical solutions. Algorithmic problems have known efficient algorithms. Search problems do not have known efficient algorithms but can be solved with search. The Oz support for logic programming targets these two problem classes specifically, using the concepts needed for each. This is in contrast to the Prolog approach, which targets both classes with one set of concepts, which results in less than optimal support for each class. To explain the essential difference between algorithmic and search programs, we define the Oz execution model. This model subsumes both concurrent logic programming (committed-choice-style) and search-based logic programming (Prolog-style). Instead of Horn clause syntax, Oz has a simple, fully compositional, higher-order syntax that accommodates the abilities of the language. We conclude with lessons learned from this work, a brief history of Oz, and many entry points into the Oz literature.Comment: 48 pages, to appear in the journal "Theory and Practice of Logic Programming

Wissensorganisation, Topic Maps und Ontology Engineering: Die Verbindung bewährter Begriffsstrukturen mit aktueller XML-Technologie

Wie können begriffliche Strukturen an Topic Maps angebunden werden? Allgemeiner: Wie kann die Wissensorganisation dazu beitragen, dass im Semantic Web eine begriffsbasierte Infrastruktur verfügbar ist? Dieser Frage hat sich die Wissensorganisation bislang noch nicht wirklich angenommen. Insgesamt ist die Berührung zwischen semantischen Wissenstechnologien und wissensorganisatorischen Fragestellungen noch sehr gering, obwohl Begriffsstrukturen, Ontologien und Topic Maps grundsätzlich gut zusammenpassen und ihre gemeinsame Betrachtung Erkenntnisse für zentrale wissensorganisatorische Fragestellungen wie z.B. semantische Interoperabilität und semantisches Retrieval erwarten lässt. Daher motiviert und skizziert dieser Beitrag die Grundidee, nach der es möglich sein müsste, eine Sprache zur Darstellung von Begriffsstrukturen in der Wissensorganisation geeignet mit Topic Maps zu verbinden. Eine genauere Untersuchung und Implementation stehen allerdings weiterhin aus. Speziell wird vermutet, dass sich der Concepto zugrunde liegende Formalismus CLF (Concept Language Formalism) mit Topic Maps vorteilhaft abbilden lässt. Damit können Begriffs- und Themennetze realisiert werden, die auf expliziten Begriffssystemen beruhen. Seitens der Wissensorganisation besteht die Notwendigkeit, sich mit aktuellen Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet des Semantic Web und Ontology Engineering vertraut zu machen, aber auch die eigene Kompetenz stärker aktiv in diese Gebiete einzubringen. Damit dies geschehen kann, führt dieser Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis zunächst aus Sicht der Wissensorganisation knapp in Ontologien und Topic Maps ein und diskutiert wichtige Überschneidungsbereiche

Frontline(s)

The challenge of theorising and analysing socio-political phenomena can feel overwhelming given today’s somewhat threatening realpolitik (9/11, US-led wars on Afghanistan, Iraq and now, perhaps, Syria) and the rapid pace with which (dis)information is received, digested and discarded. Through an act of ‘literary montage’ construction, and prefaced by some interpretation of my own, I offer this ‘exhibit’ as an attempt to highlight this sense of dislocation whilst simultaneously ‘building a picture’. A specific concern is to problematise the notion of ‘the frontline’. Given blatant military and economic imperialism by the US, underscored by the construction and fetishising of the rational subject under modernity and the social democratic state, I suggest that frontlines are located in any public or private space where the legitimacy of these interests and categories is questioned. Expressions of difference, including peace activism, thus become ‘proliferating illegitimacies’ and are policed as such. Against this context, the texts positioned here tell of growing realisation and fear of the coldness and instrumentalism at the heart of empire-building, of which both the horrific violence currently inflicted on Iraqi people, and the discounting and suppression of dissent to war worldwide, are part. For a global anti-capitalist/pro-justice movement that recognises trade in arms as a core constraint on human potential, reaching beyond this fear - retaining the hope of the ‘politics of possibility’ with which this ‘movement of movements’ has come to be identified – emerges as a latent and essential challenge

Implementing personality traits for storytelling through concept patterns

Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 97).Personality traits such as "kind," "aggressive," and "brave" are integral to storytelling because they impart succinct descriptors of character personalities. Authors apply traits to characters, readers infer characters' traits from the narrative, and readers learn the meaning of new traits. For instance, a reader can learn the personality trait "vindictive" from Alexandre Dumas's novel The Count of Monte Cristo and then use this trait to predict or explain a character's behavior. The reader can also infer that a character from this novel, such as Edmond Dantes, is "vindictive" without needing Dumas to explicitly describe the character with this trait. With the goal of enabling computational storytelling systems to perform the abilities stated above, I present in this thesis a concept pattern-based approach to representing intentional personality traits. I articulate the processes of trait learning, application, and inference and provide steps and insights to how these processes can be computationally implemented. I also give examples of ten personality traits represented using concept patterns inside the Genesis system and show how these traits are discovered inside well-known historical narratives and works of fiction.by Susan S. Song.M. Eng

World War I and the Idea of Progress in Powers\u27s Three Farmers on Their Way to a Dance

In his article World War I and the Idea of Progress in Powers\u27s Three Farmers on Their Way to a Dance Karsten H. Piep reads Powers\u27s 1985 novel as a critical reexamination of the dynamics and iconography of the early twentieth century that challenges the technological positivism espoused by many U.S. neoconservatives during the 1980s, while insisting on the individual\u27s interpretive powers to discern and release the ever present transformative potentials of history. Situating Three Farmers in the postmodernism debates of the 1980s, Piep argues that the novel succeeds in challenging the idea of history conceived as linear progression, but fails to show how a critical engagement with the past might engender social transformation in the present