Создание естественных лесов в поймах

Рассматриваются результаты исследования 15 лесных участков на пойменных территориях. На трех из них произрастает Populus nigra, Populus alba, на пяти – Fraxinus angustifolia spp. danubialis и Populus alba и на семи – Populus alba. Приведены данные, какой из типов леса является наиболее устойчивым к внедрению извазивных видов деревьев и кустарнико

Jumping plant-lice of the Paurocephalinae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea): systematics and phylogeny

Much confusion exists with respect to the content and definition of the psyUid subfamily Paurocephalinae. Based on a cladistic analysis of 22 morphological characters (16 adult and 6 larval), the subfamily is redefined to comprise the following five valid genera: Aphorma (3 species), Camarotoscena (12 valid species, with 1 new synonymy), DiC/idophlebia (= Aconopsylla, Haplaphalara, Paraphalaroida, Sinuonemopsylla and Woldaia; 24 species), Paurocephala (52 species) and Syntomoza (= Anomoterga and Homalocephata; 7 species). The tribe Diclidophlebiini is synonymised with the subfamily Paurocephalinae. The seven new generic synonymies produce 25 new species combinations. A key to genera for adults and fifth instar larvae is presented. In their revised definitions the genera exhibit relatively restricted distributions and host ranges: Aphorma: Palaearctic, Oriental - Ranunculaceae; Camarotoscena: Palaearctic - Salicaceae; Diclidophtebia: pantropical - Tiliaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, Melastomataceae, Rhamnaceae, Ulmaceae and Euphorbiaceae; Paurocephala: Old World tropics - Moraceae, Urticaceae. Ulmaceae (all Urticales), Malvaceae. Sterculiaceae (all Malvales) and Clusiaceae (rheales); Syntomoza: Oriental, Afrotropical, Palaearctic - Flacourtiaceae, Salicaceae. The following taxa which have been referred to the Paurocephalinae are transferred to other taxa: Atmetocranium to the Calophyidae and Primascena to the Aphalaroidinae; Pseudaphorma is symonymised with Aphatara, and P. astigma with A. polygoni; the position of Strophingia is confirmed in the Strophingiinae.peer-reviewe

A Split-Stem Lesion on Young Hybrid \u3ci\u3ePopulus\u3c/i\u3e Trees Caused by the Tarnished Plant Bug, \u3ci\u3eLygus Lineolaris\u3c/i\u3e (Hemiptera: [Heteroptera]: Miridae)

The tarnished plant bug, known principally as an agricultural pest, injures young hybrid Populus by feeding on the stems and meristems. Tarnished plant bug eggs, fungi associated with some lesions, and simple mechanical stimuli alone from feeding appeared not to cause lesion formation. Of 20 Populus hybrids tested in a clonal trial, four appeared to be consistently susceptible to lesion injury, with Populus nigra var. betulifolia x trichocarpa the most susceptible. Several clones showed high resistance in the trial but a few were susceptible in other plantings and in host preference tests when caged with tarnished plant bugs. Lesions diminished tenfold on Populus where horseweed, the insect\u27s principal wild host, grew along with susceptible poplars. The tarnished plant bug can be suppressed by ultra-low volume pesticides and cultural manipulation of understory vegetation

Fungal Endophytes of Populus trichocarpa Alter Host Phenotype, Gene Expression, and Rhizobiome Composition.

Mortierella and Ilyonectria genera include common species of soil fungi that are frequently detected as root endophytes in many plants, including Populus spp. However, the ecological roles of these and other endophytic fungi with respect to plant growth and function are still not well understood. The functional ecology of two key taxa from the P. trichocarpa rhizobiome, M. elongata PMI93 and I. europaea PMI82, was studied by coupling forest soil bioassays with environmental metatranscriptomics. Using soil bioassay experiments amended with fungal inoculants, M. elongata was observed to promote the growth of P. trichocarpa. This response was cultivar independent. In contrast, I. europaea had no visible effect on P. trichocarpa growth. Metatranscriptomic studies revealed that these fungi impacted rhizophytic and endophytic activities in P. trichocarpa and induced shifts in soil and root microbial communities. Differential expression of core genes in P. trichocarpa roots was observed in response to both fungal species. Expression of P. trichocarpa genes for lipid signaling and nutrient uptake were upregulated, and expression of genes associated with gibberellin signaling were altered in plants inoculated with M. elongata, but not I. europaea. Upregulation of genes for growth promotion, downregulation of genes for several leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases, and alteration of expression of genes associated with plant defense responses (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene signal pathways) also suggest that M. elongata manipulates plant defenses while promoting plant growth

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) associated with native trees in Malta (Central Mediterranean)

In the present study 25 aphid species which are known to be associated with trees in the Maltese Islands are recorded. Of these, 18 species represent new records; these include Aphis craccivora, Brachyunguis tamaricis, Cavariella aegopodii, Chaitophorus capreae, C. populialbae, Cinara cupressi, C. maghrebica, C. palaestinensis, Essigella californica, Eulachnus rileyi, E. tuberculostemmatus, Hoplocallis picta, Lachnus roboris, Myzocallis schreiberi, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis, Thelaxes suberi, Tinocallis takachihoensis and Tuberolachnus salignus. A number of the above mentioned species alternate hosts between the primary host, being the tree species, and secondary hosts being mainly roots of grasses. The record of Tetraneura ulmi could be incorrect and could possibly be referred to T. nigriabdominalis. Most of the aphid species recorded in the present study have restricted distribution in the Maltese Islands due to the rarity of their host trees. This is particularly so for those aphids associated with Populus, Quercus, Salix and Ulmus whose conservation should be addressed.peer-reviewe

Biology of the Genus \u3ci\u3eHemileuca\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in Michigan

The habitats and host plants of buckmoths (Hemileuca: Saturniidae: Hernileucinae) in Michigan are described and compared to those of the three species known from eastern North America, H. maia, H. nevadensls, and H. lucina. Michigan populations show variation in host plant and habitat use spanning the entire range of all three species. The presence of transitional phenotypes and the host plant and habitat data suggest that Michigan populations are a single, variable species. These things combined with the intermediate geographical location of Michigan\u27s populations call into question the taxonomic distinctness of the three eastern buckmoth species

New Reports of Exotic and Native Ambrosia and Bark Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) From Ohio

In a 2007 survey of ambrosia and bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) along a transect in northeastern Ohio, we collected six exotic and three native species not previously reported from the state. These species include the exotic ambrosia beetles Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff), Dryoxylon onoharaensum (Murayama), Euwallacea validus (Eichhoff), Xyleborus californicus Wood, Xyleborus pelliculosusEichhoff, and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky). The native ambrosia beetle Corthylus columbianus Hopkins, and the native bark beetles Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg) and Hylastes tenuis Eichhoff are also reported from Ohio for the first time. Our study suggests a northward range expansion for five of the six exotic species including, X. crassiusculus, which is an important pest of nursery and orchard crops in the southeastern United States