2 research outputs found
Visible Light Communications for Industrial Applications—Challenges and Potentials
Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a short-range optical wireless communication technology that has been gaining attention due to its potential to offload heavy data traffic from the congested radio wireless spectrum. At the same time, wireless communications are becoming crucial to smart manufacturing within the scope of Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 is a developing trend of high-speed data exchange in automation for manufacturing technologies and is referred to as the fourth industrial revolution. This trend requires fast, reliable, low-latency, and cost-effective data transmissions with fast synchronizations to ensure smooth operations for various processes. VLC is capable of providing reliable, low-latency, and secure connections that do not penetrate walls and is immune to electromagnetic interference. As such, this paper aims to show the potential of VLC for industrial wireless applications by examining the latest research work in VLC systems. This work also highlights and classifies challenges that might arise with the applicability of VLC and visible light positioning (VLP) systems in these settings. Given the previous work performed in these areas, and the major ongoing experimental projects looking into the use of VLC systems for industrial applications, the use of VLC and VLP systems for industrial applications shows promising potential
Visible Light Positioning using Received Signal Strength for Industrial Environments
There is a forecast for exceptional digital data traffic growth due to the digitisation
of industrial applications using the internet of things. As a result, a great need for
high bandwidth and faster transmission data rates for future wireless networks
has emerged. One of the considered communication technologies that can assist in satisfying this demand is visible light communications (VLC). VLC is an
emerging technology that uses the visible light spectrum by mainly utilising lightemitting diodes (LEDs) for simultaneous indoor lighting and high bandwidth wireless communication. Some of the applications of VLC are to provide high data
rate internet in homes, offices, campuses, hospitals, and several other areas.
One of these promising areas of application is for industrial wireless communications. The research project will provide a review of VLC applications intended
for industrial applications with an emphasis on visible light positioning (VLP). In
this research work, a three-dimensional (3D) positioning algorithm for calculating
the location of a photodiode (PD) is presented. It solely works on measured powers from different LED sources and does not require any prior knowledge of the
receiver’s height unlike other works in the literature. The performance of the proposed VLP algorithm in terms of positioning error is evaluated using two different
trilateration algorithms, the Cayley–Menger determinant (CMD) and the Linear
Least Squares (LLS) trilateration algorithms. The evaluation considers different
scenarios, with and without receiver tilt, and with multipath reflections. Simulation results show that the CMD algorithm is more accurate and outperforms
the LLS trilateration positioning algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed method
has been experimentally assessed under two different LED configurations, with
different degrees of receiver tilt, and in the presence of a fully stocked storage
rack to examine the effect of multipath reflections on the performance of VLP
systems. It was observed from simulations and experimental investigations that
the widely used square LED-configuration results in position ambiguities for 3D
systems while a non-lattice layout, such as a star-shaped configuration, is much
more accurate. An experimental accuracy with a 3D median error of 10.5 cm
was achieved using the CMD algorithm in a 4 m Ă— 4 m Ă— 4.1 m area with a
horizontal receiver. Adding receiver tilt of 5â—¦ and 10â—¦
increases the median error
by an average of 29% and 110%, respectively. The effect of reflections from the
i
storage rack has also been thoroughly examined using the two mentioned trilateration algorithms and showed to increase the 3D median positioning error by
an average of 69% in the experimental testbed for the areas close to the storage
rack. These results highlight the degrading effect of multipath reflections on VLP
systems and the necessity to consider it when evaluating these systems. As
the primary consideration for positioning systems in industrial environments is
for mobile robots, the encouraging results in this thesis can be further improved
though the use of a sensor fusion method