363 research outputs found

    A review of solar hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collectors and systems

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    In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in hybrid PV-T collectors and the wider systems within which they can be implemented, and assess the worldwide energy and carbon mitigation potential of these systems. We cover both experimental and computational studies, identify opportunities for performance enhancement, pathways for collector innovation, and implications of their wider deployment at the solar-generation system level. First, we classify and review the main types of PV-T collectors, including air-based, liquid-based, dual air–water, heat-pipe, building integrated and concentrated PV-T collectors. This is followed by a presentation of performance enhancement opportunities and pathways for collector innovation. Here, we address state-of-the-art design modifications, next-generation PV cell technologies, selective coatings, spectral splitting and nanofluids. Beyond this, we address wider PV-T systems and their applications, comprising a thorough review of solar combined heat and power (S–CHP), solar cooling, solar combined cooling, heat and power (S–CCHP), solar desalination, solar drying and solar for hydrogen production systems. This includes a specific review of potential performance and cost improvements and opportunities at the solar-generation system level in thermal energy storage, control and demand-side management. Subsequently, a set of the most promising PV-T systems is assessed to analyse their carbon mitigation potential and how this technology might fit within pathways for global decarbonization. It is estimated that the REmap baseline emission curve can be reduced by more than 16% in 2030 if the uptake of solar PV-T technologies can be promoted. Finally, the review turns to a critical examination of key challenges for the adoption of PV-T technology and recommendations

    A Review of Solar Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV-T) Collectors and Systems

    Get PDF
    In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in hybrid PV-T collectors and the wider systems within which they can be implemented, and assess the worldwide energy and carbon mitigation potential of these systems. We cover both experimental and computational studies, identify opportunities for performance enhancement, pathways for collector innovation, and implications of their wider deployment at the solar-generation system level. First, we classify and review the main types of PV-T collectors, including air-based, liquid-based, dual air–water, heat-pipe, building integrated and concentrated PV-T collectors. This is followed by a presentation of performance enhancement opportunities and pathways for collector innovation. Here, we address state-of-the-art design modifications, next-generation PV cell technologies, selective coatings, spectral splitting and nanofluids. Beyond this, we address wider PV-T systems and their applications, comprising a thorough review of solar combined heat and power (S–CHP), solar cooling, solar combined cooling, heat and power (S–CCHP), solar desalination, solar drying and solar for hydrogen production systems. This includes a specific review of potential performance and cost improvements and opportunities at the solar-generation system level in thermal energy storage, control and demand-side management. Subsequently, a set of the most promising PV-T systems is assessed to analyse their carbon mitigation potential and how this technology might fit within pathways for global decarbonization. It is estimated that the REmap baseline emission curve can be reduced by more than 16% in 2030 if the uptake of solar PV-T technologies can be promoted. Finally, the review turns to a critical examination of key challenges for the adoption of PV-T technology and recommendations

    A review of solar hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collectors and systems

    Get PDF
    In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in hybrid PV-T collectors and the wider systems within which they can be implemented, and assess the worldwide energy and carbon mitigation potential of these systems. We cover both experimental and computational studies, identify opportunities for performance enhancement, pathways for collector innovation, and implications of their wider deployment at the solar-generation system level. First, we classify and review the main types of PV-T collectors, including air-based, liquid-based, dual air–water, heat-pipe, building integrated and concentrated PV-T collectors. This is followed by a presentation of performance enhancement opportunities and pathways for collector innovation. Here, we address state-of-the-art design modifications, next-generation PV cell technologies, selective coatings, spectral splitting and nanofluids. Beyond this, we address wider PV-T systems and their applications, comprising a thorough review of solar combined heat and power (S–CHP), solar cooling, solar combined cooling, heat and power (S–CCHP), solar desalination, solar drying and solar for hydrogen production systems. This includes a specific review of potential performance and cost improvements and opportunities at the solar-generation system level in thermal energy storage, control and demand-side management. Subsequently, a set of the most promising PV-T systems is assessed to analyse their carbon mitigation potential and how this technology might fit within pathways for global decarbonization. It is estimated that the REmap baseline emission curve can be reduced by more than 16% in 2030 if the uptake of solar PV-T technologies can be promoted. Finally, the review turns to a critical examination of key challenges for the adoption of PV-T technology and recommendations

    La Inversión Extranjera Directa en América Latina y el Caribe 2023

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    Este informe de la Inversión Extranjera Directa en América Latina y el Caribe 2023 (CEPAL), presenta el reto de atraer y retener inversión extranjera directa que contribuya al desarrollo sostenible e inclusivo de la región sigue más vigente que nunca y los países tienen que realizar esfuerzos de política relevantes si quieren contar con IED que apoye su proceso de desarrollo y materialice el potencial que tiene dicha inversión para la construcción de capacidades, la creación de empleo de calidad, la transferencia tecnológica y la diversificación y sofisticación de la matriz productiva. Una de las principales justificaciones para destinar recursos públicos a la atracción de inversiones es el potencial de la IED para promover encadenamientos productivos y la transferencia de conocimientos y tecnología, y apoyar así el crecimiento económico.Resumen ejecutivo .-- Capítulo I. Panorama de la inversión extranjera directa en América Latina y el Caribe .-- Capítulo II. La inversión extranjera directa en energías no renovables: desafíos para la transición energética en América Latina y el Caribe .-- Capítulo III. La inversión extranjera directa en energías renovables: estrategias para impulsar la transición energética en América Latina y el Caribe

    Energy yield enhancement of bifacial photovoltaic modules

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    The bifacial photovoltaic (BPV) module is an emerging renewable technology that produces augmented energy yield due to its capability of receiving sunlight both on the front and rear sides. This contrasts with conventional monofacial PV, which captures sunlight only on the front side. The extensive deployment of bifacial PV is expected to reduce the cost of solar energy considerably. However, there is limited evidence regarding the field performance of bifacial PV. Uncertainty exists in modelling the ground-reflected irradiance received by the rear side of BPV, which depends on ground albedo and the view factor (VF) from solar PV to the ground. Existing research on the view factor considers infinite lengths of the PV array, which prevents accurate determination of ground-reflected irradiance for PV arrays with finite lengths. In this research, the finite element method (FEM) is used to develop a view factor computation model for the finite length of the PV array. The model can be utilised to analyse the ground-reflected irradiance at the rear side of bifacial PV, which is necessary to predict bifacial PV's energy generation correctly, adding scientific value to this research. The developed model is verified with the analytical solution with an error margin of ±2%. The model is validated by comparing calculated and measured reflected irradiance, which shows a strong agreement at a root mean square error (RMSE) of 16 W/m2 and a mean bias error (MBE) of 7 W/m2 . An investigation into the performance of BPV for four ground surfaces: soil, white pebbles, concrete, and white tiles is undertaken to quantify the gain BPV can achieve. Six empirical models are developed based on the measured data, which can be utilized to estimate rear irradiance gain, bifacial energy gain and power output. A probability distribution of bifacial energy gain data at a 95% confidence level shows that the bifacial energy gain varies within 2%-25% depending on the reflectance of the ground surface and the probability is low that the bifacial energy gain will be more than 30%. Based on the annual bifacial energy gain analysis, the highest gain range is found for white tiles ground surface, followed by concrete and white pebbles. Simulations have been performed for various utility-scale PV arrays across the UK to verify the reliability of measured field data. The results are found to be consistent with the measured bifacial energy gain which showed a clear agreement of about 2%-5%. The findings of this research will remove some uncertainty about BPV performance, which is crucial to predict its energy generation accurately

    日射量予測を考慮した太陽光発電コミュニティにおけるエネルギーシェアリングに関する研究

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    The power sector plays an important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. Renewable energy, especially solar PV, has been growing steadily in recent years. The development of solar energy can not only reduce the use of fossil energy, but also increase the energy self-sufficiency rate. After the implementation of the FiT system in 2011, there has been an explosive growth in the import of solar PV. However, solar power generation exhibits unstable output characteristics as it is affected by weather conditions. Large-scale introduction can affect the stability of the grid. Therefore, this study considers the unstable weather conditions (mainly, solar radiation) and proposes the concept of energy sharing to increase the chances of local energy self-consumption and renewable energy penetration in the future. At the same time, we aim to explore the interactions between smart grids, smart buildings, and distributed energy storage to achieve better energy management practices.北九州市立大

    Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2023

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    This document of Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2023 (ECLAC), presents the challenge of attracting and retaining FDI that contributes to sustainable and inclusive development in the region remains as relevant as ever, and countries must make efforts to enact the right kind of policies if they are to have FDI that supports their development process and allows for the realization of the potential of FDI to build capacities, create quality jobs, transfer technology and enhance the diversification and sophistication of the production mix. One of the main reasons given or using public resources to attract investment is the potential of FDI to drive production linkages and transfers of knowledge and technology, and thus support economic growth.Executive summary .-- Chapter I. Foreign direct investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2023 .-- Chapter II. Foreign direct investment in non-renewable energies in Latin America and the Caribbean: challenges for the energy transition .-- Chapter III. Foreign direct investment in renewable energies: strategies to advance the energy transition in Latin America and the Caribbean

    A geo-informatics approach to sustainability assessments of floatovoltaic technology in South African agricultural applications

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    South African project engineers recently pioneered the first agricultural floating solar photovoltaic tech nology systems in the Western Cape wine region. This effort prepared our country for an imminent large scale diffusion of this exciting new climate solver technology. However, hydro-embedded photovoltaic sys tems interact with environmentally sensitive underlying aquatic ecosystems, causing multiple project as sessment uncertainties (energy, land, air, water) compared to ground-mounted photovoltaics. The dissimi lar behaviour of floatovoltaic technologies delivers a broader and more diversified range of technical advan tages, environmental offset benefits, and economic co-benefits, causing analytical modelling imperfections and tooling mismatches in conventional analytical project assessment techniques. As a universal interna tional real-world problem of significance, the literature review identified critical knowledge and methodology gaps as the primary causes of modelling deficiencies and assessment uncertainties. By following a design thinking methodology, the thesis views the sustainability assessment and modelling problem through a geo graphical information systems lens, thus seeing an academic research opportunity to fill critical knowledge gaps through new theory formulation and geographical knowledge creation. To this end, this philosophi cal investigation proposes a novel object-oriented systems-thinking and climate modelling methodology to study the real-world geospatial behaviour of functioning floatovoltaic systems from a dynamical system thinking perspective. As an empirical feedback-driven object-process methodology, it inspired the thesis to create new knowledge by postulating a new multi-disciplinary sustainability theory to holistically characterise agricultural floatovoltaic projects through ecosystems-based quantitative sustainability profiling criteria. The study breaks new ground at the frontiers of energy geo-informatics by conceptualising a holistic theoretical framework designed for the theoretical characterisation of floatovoltaic technology ecosystem operations in terms of the technical energy, environmental and economic (3E) domain responses. It campaigns for a fully coupled model in ensemble analysis that advances the state-of-the-art by appropriating the 3E theo retical framework as underpinning computer program logic blueprint to synthesise the posited theory in a digital twin simulation. Driven by real-world geo-sensor data, this geospatial digital twin can mimic the geo dynamical behaviour of floatovoltaics through discrete-time computer simulations in real-time and lifetime digital project enactment exercises. The results show that the theoretical 3E framing enables project due diligence and environmental impact assessment reporting as it uniquely incorporates balanced scorecard performance metrics, such as the water-energy-land-food resource impacts, environmental offset benefits and financial feasibility of floatovoltaics. Embedded in a geoinformatics decision-support platform, the 3E theory, framework and model enable numerical project decision-supporting through an analytical hierarchy process. The experimental results obtained with the digital twin model and decision support system show that the desktop-based parametric floatovoltaic synthesis toolset can uniquely characterise the broad and diverse spectrum of performance benefits of floatovoltaics in a 3E sustainability profile. The model uniquely predicts important impact aspects of the technology’s land, air and water preservation qualities, quantifying these impacts in terms of the water, energy, land and food nexus parameters. The proposed GIS model can quantitatively predict most FPV technology unknowns, thus solving a contemporary real-world prob lem that currently jeopardises floating PV project licensing and approvals. Overall, the posited theoretical framework, methodology model, and reported results provide an improved understanding of floating PV renewable energy systems and their real-world behaviour. Amidst a rapidly growing international interest in floatovoltaic solutions, the research advances fresh philosophical ideas with novel theoretical principles that may have far-reaching implications for developing electronic, photovoltaic performance models worldwide.GeographyPh. D. (Geography
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