Pyroelectric detector arrays

A pyroelectric detector array and the method for using it are described. A series of holes formed through a silicon dioxide layer on the surface of a silicon substrate forms the mounting fixture for the pyroelectric detector array. A series of nontouching strips of indium are formed around the holes to make contact with the backside electrodes and form the output terminals for individual detectors. A pyroelectric detector strip with front and back electrodes, respectively, is mounted over the strips. Biasing resistors are formed on the surface of the silicon dioxide layer and connected to the strips. A metallized pad formed on the surface of layer is connected to each of the biasing resistors and to the film to provide the ground for the pyroelectric detector array

Dynamics of the spontaneous breakdown of superhydrophobicity

Drops deposited on rough and hydrophobic surfaces can stay suspended with gas pockets underneath the liquid, then showing very low hydrodynamic resistance. When this superhydrophobic state breaks down, the subsequent wetting process can show different dynamical properties. A suitable choice of the geometry can make the wetting front propagate in a stepwise manner leading to {\it square-shaped} wetted area: the front propagation is slow and the patterned surface fills by rows through a {\it zipping} mechanism. The multiple time scale scenario of this wetting process is experimentally characterized and compared to numerical simulations.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Analog Signal Processing in Transmission Line Metamaterial Structures

Several novel dispersion-engineered CRLH TL metamaterial analog signal processing systems, exploiting the broadband dispersive characteristics and design flexibility of CRLH TLs, are presented. These systems are either guided-wave or radiated-wave systems, and employ either the group velocity or the group velocity dispersion parameters. The systems presented are: a frequency tunable impulse delay line, a pulse-position modulator, a frequency discriminator and real-time Fourier transformer, pulse generators, an analog real-time spectrum analyzer, a frequencyresolved electrical gating, a spatio-temporal Talbot effect imager, and analog true-time delayer. They represent a new class of impulse-regime metamaterial structures, while previously reported metamaterials were mostly restricted to the harmonic regime

Multiple forms of applications and impacts of a design theory -ten years of industrial applications of C-K theory

International audienceC-K theory has been developed by Armand Hatchuel and Benoit Weil and then by other researchers since 1990s. In this paper we show that its very abstract nature and its high degree of universality actually supported a large variety of industrial applications. We distinguish three types of applications: 1) C-K theory provides a new language, that supports new analysis and descriptive capacity and new teachable individual models of thoughts; 2) C-K theory provides a very general framework to better characterize the validity domain and the performance conditions of existing methods, leading to potential improvement of these methods ; 3) C-K theory is the conceptual model at the root of new design methods that are today largely used in the industry

Optikai mikromanipuláció a biofizikában = Optical micromanipulation in biophysics

A projekt új lézercsipesz laboratórium kiépítését finanszírozta. Fő fejlesztés egy fény térmodulátorral (Spatial Light Modulator -SLM) felszerelt lézercsipesz megépítése. Ezzel tetszőlegesen sok csapda független egyidejű programozására van lehetőség. Új litográfiás berendezést is beszereztünk, ezzel mikrofluidikai eszközöket és integrált optikai elemeket készítünk. Az új laboratóriumban új típusú optikai mikromanipulációs kísérleteket végeztünk. Bonyolult alakú teszt objektumokkal összetett mozgásokat lehet megvalósítani. Négy típusú kutatást folytattunk: 1. A torziós manipulációs lehetőséget kihasználva DNS molekula csavarási tulajdonságait viszgáltuk. 2. A fotopolimerizációs struktúra építést és az új lézercsipeszt kihasználva új vizsgálati eszközöket készítettünk, mint mikroviszkozitásmérő, optikai mikromanipulátor. Modellrendszert alkottunk biológiai mozgások modellezésére: Kísérletileg kimutattuk és jellemeztük a hidrodinamikai szinkronizáció jeléenségét. 3. A folyadék mozgatásának fénnyel való vezérlését továbbfejlesztettük, a folyadék áramlási mintázatának fénnyel való változtatását oldottuk meg mikrofluidikai csatornában. 4. Integrált optikai elemeket készítettünk fotopolimerizációval mikrofluidikai alkalmazásra. Nagy érzékenységű interferometrikus szenzort készítettünk, ezt intermolekuláris reakciók jellemzésére, illetve optoelektronikai logikai áramkörök építésére alkalmaztuk. | The project supported the development of a new optical tweezers laboratory. The main development was the building of optical tweezers based on a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM). With this there is possibility to independently program an arbitrary number of optical traps. We also purchased a new photolythography device, this supportsthe building of microfluidics elements and integrated optical parts. In the new laboratory we performed novel optical manipulation experiments.We can realise complicated motions with test objects of complex shape. We worked on four types of experiments: 1. Using the possibility to rotate the trapped objects, we performed torsional manipulation experiments on DNA molecules. 2. Applying the photopolymerisation technique and the new optical tweezers we developed new experimental methods, like microviscosimeter, optical micromanipulator. We also created a model system to mimic biological motions. We experimentally demonstrated and characterised the phenomenon of hydrodynamic synchronisation. 3. We further developed the optical control of fluid flow: we realised the opticaal change of flow pattern in a microfluidics channel. 4. We built integrated optical elements for microfluidics applications. We built a high sensitivity interferometric sensor, and we used this to follow intermolecular interactions and to create optoelectronic logical circuit elements

Montaje y calibración de un sistema de pulverización multicátodo

We will present in this work the design and assembling of a radiofrequency multicathode sputtering system. The system is water refrigerated and its vacuum system is able to reach vacuum in the range 10‾ ⁷ mbar. It is designed for deposition and growth of thin metallic films for ohmic contacts on n- and p-type silicon. The system has been calibrated to use with three different cathodes, which all of them are assembled in the same chamber. The sample holder can be orientated in different positions for facing the targets and also to a blind position for cleaning processes. The targets used in the system are titanium, aluminum and tungsten. To perform the system calibration we have prepared different samples by lithography and we performed profilometry measurements to know the thickness of the deposited material

Development of a Microfluidic Device for Synthesis of Lipid Bi-Layer In-Situ

Lipid bi-layers are ubiquitous components of biological cells and are found in a variety of cell components. In biological membranes, lipid bi-layer membranes carry membrane proteins, which control transport of material and communication of signals in and out the cell. There are several disadvantages involved with patch clamping method as a way of studying biological membranes and protein interactions. Hence, artificial synthesis of bi-layer has been of great interest in basic biophysical studies, drug discoveries in pharmaceutical studies and study of protein nanopores for precise engineering applications. However, conventional lipid bi-layer synthesis techniques require skilled operators, have low repeatability (reliability), have portability restrictions and result in unstable bi-layers having a short lifetime. In this investigation a novel microfluidic device and a method for artificial synthesis of lipid bi-layer in-situ are explored. In the proposed method, lipid trapped at an aperture on a Teflon sheet, is thinned to form a lipid bi-layer by a continuous flow of buffer solution on both sides of the aperture in the microfluidic device. The microfluidic device is expected to have advantages from its compact design. Further, the new approach is expected to be repetitive and good for automation removing the requirement of a skilled operator. The microfluidic device was fabricated using two glass substrates. Two channels of ? ? shape were etched and through holes were fabricated at all four terminal ends of the microchannels on each glass substrate. A thin Teflon sheet carrying a 100?m diameter hole was sandwiched between the two glass wafers forming two sets of microchannels on both sides of the aperture. An analytical microfluid model of the microchannels was developed to investigate the nature of the flow and to select microchannel parameters. Experiments using the proposed device were performed to verify the feasibility of the novel approach for lipid bi-layer synthesis. Experimental results suggest formation of a lipid bi-layer at an aperture on the Teflon sheet but further investigation might be necessary for verification. Life time of the bi-layer is short mainly due to low quality of the used aperture

Keeping Pace: Business-To-Business Marketers And Emerging Technologies In The Consumer Electronics Industry

In Keeping Pace, I argue that in the consumer electronics industry, the marketing and consumption of goods and services between businesses creates the pace of emergence and obsolescence of consumer electronics. To date, critical scholars of consumerism and technology have argued that the pace is determined by planned obsolescence. Scholars describe planned obsolescence as a combination of products designed to reduce the intervals between acts of consumption, and retail advertising that stimulates consumer’s desire for “new” products. I suggest that critical scholars of consumer culture have over emphasized retail relationships as the locus of power and politics and ignored the importance of business-to-business marketing. B2B marketers create an industry-wide pace of emerging commodities by coordinating the flow of materials, components, and services necessary to incessantly produce “new” consumer electronics with short lifespans. Over five chapters, I use critical discourse analysis to analyze three forms of empirical data: interviews with B2B marketing professionals, archival media texts, and ethnographic observations at the annual Consumer Electronics Show. I examine widely studied aspects of consumerism—brands, exhibitions, big data, and identity politics—in terms of B2B marketing and marketing work culture. Along with this reexamination, I take the stance that marketing is more than merely the promotion of goods and services; marketing is constitutive of market relationships. Taken collectively, the chapters present B2B marketers in humanistic terms that emphasize the tensions, contradictions, and complexities of the work they do behind the scenes in reproducing consumer culture on a day-to-day basis. Ultimately, I find that B2B marketing is a site—in addition to consumer demand and corporate social responsibility—where political and social interventions into markets can occur.Doctor of Philosoph

2D Visual Micro-Position Measurement based on Intertwined Twin-Scale Patterns

International audiencePosition measurement at nanoscale currently raises issues such as making significant compromise between range andresolution or as the difficulty to measure several directions with a single sensor. This paper presents a novel visualmethod to measure displacements at nanometric scale along two axes. This method allows subpixelic measurement ofposition by using a pseudo-periodic pattern observed by a regular visual setup. This micrometric pattern correspondsto the intertwining of two perpendicular copies of a single-axis pattern made of two frequency carriers with slightlydifferent periods. It was realized in clean room by photolythography of aluminium on glass. The algorithm is based ona twin-scale principle, itself based on direct phase measurement of periodic grids. Experiments are performed at videorate (30 fps) and show a linearity below 0.16 % and a repeatability below 14 nm over an unambiguous range of 221 µm.A resolution below 0.5 nm is demonstrated by the use of 2000 images. The method can be adjusted to different ranges,according to the needs.&nbsp