A performance simulation tool for the analysis of data gathering in both terrestrial and underwater sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have greatly contributed to human-associated technologies. The deployment of WSNs has transcended several paradigms. Two of the most significant features of WSNs are the intensity of deployment and the criticalness of the applications that they govern. The tradeoff between volume and cost requires justified investments for evaluating the multitudes of hardware and complementary software options. In underwater sensor networks (USNs), testing any technique is not only costly but also difficult in terms of full deployment. Therefore, evaluation prior to the actual procurement and setup of a WSN and USN is an extremely important step. The spectrum of performance analysis tools encompassing the test-bed, analysis, and simulation has been able to provide the prerequisites that these evaluations require. Simulations have proven to be an extensively used tool for analysis in the computer network field. A number of simulation tools have been developed for wired/wireless radio networks. However, each simulation tool has several restrictions when extended to the analysis of WSNs. These restrictions are largely attributed to the unique nature of each WSN within a designated area of research. In addition, these tools cannot be used for underwater environments with an acoustic communication medium, because there is a wide range of differences between radio and acoustic communications. The primary purpose of this paper is to present, propose, and develop a discrete event simulation designed specifically for mobile data gathering in WSNs. In addition, this simulator has the ability to simulate 2-D USNs. This simulator has been tailored to cater to both mobile and static data gathering techniques for both topologies, which are either dense or light. The results obtained using this simulator have shown an evolving efficient simulator for both WSNs and USNs. The developed simulator has been extensively tested in terms of its validity and scope of governance

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: How Do Acoustic Propagation Models Impact the Performance of Higher-Level Protocols?

Several Medium Access Control (MAC) and routing protocols have been developed in the last years for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). One of the main difficulties to compare and validate the performance of different proposals is the lack of a common standard to model the acoustic propagation in the underwater environment. In this paper we analyze the evolution of underwater acoustic prediction models from a simple approach to more detailed and accurate models. Then, different high layer network protocols are tested with different acoustic propagation models in order to determine the influence of environmental parameters on the obtained results. After several experiments, we can conclude that higher-level protocols are sensitive to both: (a) physical layer parameters related to the network scenario and (b) the acoustic propagation model. Conditions like ocean surface activity, scenario location, bathymetry or floor sediment composition, may change the signal propagation behavior. So, when designing network architectures for UWSNs, the role of the physical layer should be seriously taken into account in order to assert that the obtained simulation results will be close to the ones obtained in real network scenarios

A survey on network simulators in three-dimensional wireless ad hoc and sensor networks

© 2016 The Author(s). As steady research in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks is going on, performance evaluation through relevant network simulator becomes indispensable procedure to demonstrate superiority to comparative schemes and suitability in most literatures. Thus, it is very important to establish credibility of simulation results by investigating merits and limitations of each simulator prior to selection. Based on this motivation, in this article, we present a comprehensive survey on current network simulators for new emerging research area, three-dimensional wireless ad hoc and sensor networks which is represented by airborne ad hoc networks and underwater sensor networks by reviewing major existing simulators as well as presenting their main features in several aspects. In addition, we address the outstanding mobility models which are main components in simulation study for self-organizing ad hoc networks. Finally, open research issues and research challenges are discussed and presented

A CASE STUDY OF VARIOUS WIRELESS NETWORK SIMULATION TOOLS

4G is the fastest developing system in the history of mobile communication networks. Network connectivity is paramount for all kinds of big enterprises.  4G not only provides super-fast connectivity to millions of users, but can also act as an enterprise network connectivity enabler and it has inherent advantages such as higher bandwidth, low latency, higher spectrum efficiency along with backward compatibility and future proofing. The design of the 4G based Long Term Evolution physical network provides the required flexibility for optimization during the development phase. In this paper LTE Network related supporting simulation tools is presented to demonstrate the need of Hardware co-simulation of the LTE system. After the feasibility analysis, the importance of the model is to be ported Field Programmable Gate Array platform is examined in survey in detail with the supporting inferences along with the comparison of different wireless network simulators suitable for LTE

TDMA frame design for a prototype underwater RF

Very low frequency electromagnetic communication system is used in a small scale underwater wireless sensor network for coastal monitoring purposes, as recent research has demonstrated distinct advantages of radio waves compared to acoustic and optical waves in shallow water conditions. This paper describes the detailed TDMA and packet design process for the prototype sensor system. The lightweight protocol is time division based in order to fit the unique characteristics and specifications of the network. Evaluations are based on initial beach trial as well as modeling and simulations

TDMA frame design for a prototype underwater RF communication network

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Xianhui Che, Ian Wells, Gordon Dickers, and Paul Kear, ‘TDMA frame design for a prototype underwater RF communication network’, Ad Hoc Networks, Vol. 10 (3): 317-327, first available online 23 July 2011. The version of record is available online at doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2011.07.002 © 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.Very low frequency electromagnetic communication system is used in a small scale underwater wireless sensor network for coastal monitoring purposes, as recent research has demonstrated distinct advantages of radio waves compared to acoustic and optical waves in shallow water conditions. This paper describes the detailed TDMA and packet design process for the prototype sensor system. The lightweight protocol is time division based in order to fit the unique characteristics and specifications of the network. Evaluations are based on initial beach trial as well as modeling and simulations.Peer reviewe

IUmote: A Framework for the Efficient Modelling, Evaluation, and Deployment of Algorithms and Hardware for Underwater Communications

We present an approach for the modelling and simulating of the modem section of underwater sensor networks. The proposal is based on a specially designed modem architecture and the use of simulation tools and models that represent each of the communication elements: the water medium, physical transducers, electronics, and coding/decoding software. The algorithms can be simulated in the modelling environment; this framework does not require recoding and allows the combination of real and modelled elements. In physical terms, the modem engine provides a decoupled pipelined design of the processing path for the algorithms which allows users to run complex algorithms without requiring a highly demanding specific hardware. The proposal includes a methodology that has allowed us to significantly reduce the effort required in the process, from algorithm development to the effective deployment of the system. As a case study, this paper shows its application and results in the evaluation of a multipath and Doppler-shift correction algorithms.The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the CICYT ANDREA: Automated Inspection and Remote Performance of Marine Fish Farms (CTM2011-29691-C02-01), RIDeWAM: Research on Improvement of the Dependability of WSN based Applications by developing a hybrid monitoring platform (TIN2011-28435-C03-01), Valencian Regional Government under Research Project GV/2014/012, and Universitat Politecnica de Valencia under Research Project UPV PAID-02-12. The translation of this paper was funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.Sánchez Matías, AM.; Perles Ivars, A.; Yuste Pérez, P.; Capella Hernández, JV.; Serrano Martín, JJ. (2015). IUmote: A Framework for the Efficient Modelling, Evaluation, and Deployment of Algorithms and Hardware for Underwater Communications. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 2015:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/358315S114201

Performance evaluation of LoRa based sensor node and gateway architecture for oil pipeline management

These days, the oil industrial industry is leaning toward employing smart field improvements to streamline various activities in the midstream area. Oil transportation over large distances via pipelines has a cheap cost and high efficiency in this sector. If pipelines are not properly maintained, they may fail, potentially causing catastrophic, long-term, and irreversible consequences on both natural and human conditions. Low power wide area networks (LPWANs) are without a doubt one of the domains that cause the most from industrial fields when it comes to realizing the vision of the internet of things (IoT). Long-range (LoRa) is an emerging LPWAN technology that is particularly useful for transmitting data over long distances. The goal of this work is to offer a methodology for managing oil pipelines over long distances utilizing the LoRa communication protocol and the installation of sensor nodes and LoRa gateways along the pipeline. We also used the optimized network engineering tools (OPNET) simulator to examine various simulation findings of LoRa performance

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Guiding readers through the basics of these rapidly emerging networks to more advanced concepts and future expectations, Mobile Ad hoc Networks: Current Status and Future Trends identifies and examines the most pressing research issues in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Containing the contributions of leading researchers, industry professionals, and academics, this forward-looking reference provides an authoritative perspective of the state of the art in MANETs. The book includes surveys of recent publications that investigate key areas of interest such as limited resources and the mobility of mobile nodes. It considers routing, multicast, energy, security, channel assignment, and ensuring quality of service. Also suitable as a text for graduate students, the book is organized into three sections: Fundamentals of MANET Modeling and Simulation—Describes how MANETs operate and perform through simulations and models Communication Protocols of MANETs—Presents cutting-edge research on key issues, including MAC layer issues and routing in high mobility Future Networks Inspired By MANETs—Tackles open research issues and emerging trends Illustrating the role MANETs are likely to play in future networks, this book supplies the foundation and insight you will need to make your own contributions to the field. It includes coverage of routing protocols, modeling and simulations tools, intelligent optimization techniques to multicriteria routing, security issues in FHAMIPv6, connecting moving smart objects to the Internet, underwater sensor networks, wireless mesh network architecture and protocols, adaptive routing provision using Bayesian inference, and adaptive flow control in transport layer using genetic algorithms