Biorthogonal partners and applications

Two digital filters H(z) and F(z) are said to be biorthogonal partners of each other if their cascade H(z)F(z) satisfies the Nyquist or zero-crossing property. Biorthogonal partners arise in many different contexts such as filterbank theory, exact and least squares digital interpolation, and multiresolution theory. They also play a central role in the theory of equalization, especially, fractionally spaced equalizers in digital communications. We first develop several theoretical properties of biorthogonal partners. We also develop conditions for the existence of biorthogonal partners and FIR biorthogonal pairs and establish the connections to the Riesz basis property. We then explain how these results play a role in many of the above-mentioned applications

Generalizations of the sampling theorem: Seven decades after Nyquist

The sampling theorem is one of the most basic and fascinating topics in engineering sciences. The most well-known form is Shannon's uniform-sampling theorem for bandlimited signals. Extensions of this to bandpass signals and multiband signals, and to nonuniform sampling are also well-known. The connection between such extensions and the theory of filter banks in DSP has been well established. This paper presents some of the less known aspects of sampling, with special emphasis on non bandlimited signals, pointwise stability of reconstruction, and reconstruction from nonuniform samples. Applications in multiresolution computation and in digital spline interpolation are also reviewed

Permutation Polynomial Interleaved Zadoff-Chu Sequences

Constant amplitude zero autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequences have modulus one and ideal periodic autocorrelation function. Such sequences have been used in communications systems, e.g., for reference signals, synchronization signals and random access preambles. We propose a new family CAZAC sequences, which is constructed by interleaving a Zadoff-Chu sequence by a quadratic permutation polynomial (QPP), or by a permutation polynomial whose inverse is a QPP. It is demonstrated that a set of orthogonal interleaved Zadoff-Chu sequences can be constructed by proper choice of QPPs.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theor

Multidimensional Wave Digital Filters and Wavelets (Mehrdimensionale Wellendigitalfilter und Wavelets)

Das Kernziel dieser Dissertation ist der Entwurf von orthogonalen, mehrdimensionalen Wellendigitalfiltern für nichtseparierbare Abtastmatritzen (z.B. Quincunx-, Hexagonal-, BCCS-Matrix). Damit der Leser einen einfacheren Einstieg in den Filterentwurf hat, sind einige Grundlagen elektrischer Netzwerke und Filter vom analogen als auch vom digitalen Typ in Kapitel 2 angegeben. Wichtiges Beiwerk, welches digitale Filter mit der Wavelettransformation verknüpft, ist zusammengefaßt. Es wird weiterführende Literatur angegeben, die diesen Stoff ausführlicher behandelt. Weiterhin werden wichtige Abtastsätze präsentiert und ein angegebener Vergleich über die minimale Abtastrate zeigt einen interessanten Aspekt. Kapitel 3 zeigt Verbindungen von Wellendigitalfiltern zu ihren analogen Referenzfiltern. Desweiteren wird gezeigt, wie man eine perfekte Rekonstruktion mit Filterbänken erreicht ohne eine spektrale Faktorisierung durchführen zu müssen. Bekannte Wavelets, wie z.B. Meyer Wavelets, Sinc-Wavelet (Littlewood-Paley Wavelet), Haar Wavelet, Daubechies Wavelets und Butterworth Wavelets, sind in Kapitel 4 präsentiert. Weiterhin werden bekannte Filter gezeigt, die (sofern einige Einschränkungen eingehalten werden) benutzt werden können um neue orthonormale Wavelets, nämlich Cosinus-Rolloff Wavelets und Chebyshev Wavelets zu generieren. Es wird auch ein Filter präsentiert mit welchem eine Verschiebung der Abtastwerte um einen beliebigen reellen Wert effizient erfolgen kann. In den Kapiteln 5, 6 und 7 werden Entwurfsmethoden für mehrdimensionale Filter angegeben mit denen nichtseparierbare, orthogonale Wavelets (zwei- und dreidimensional) erzeugt werden können

Feature Extraction for image super-resolution using finite rate of innovation principles

To understand a real-world scene from several multiview pictures, it is necessary to find the disparities existing between each pair of images so that they are correctly related to one another. This process, called image registration, requires the extraction of some specific information about the scene. This is achieved by taking features out of the acquired images. Thus, the quality of the registration depends largely on the accuracy of the extracted features. Feature extraction can be formulated as a sampling problem for which perfect re- construction of the desired features is wanted. The recent sampling theory for signals with finite rate of innovation (FRI) and the B-spline theory offer an appropriate new frame- work for the extraction of features in real images. This thesis first focuses on extending the sampling theory for FRI signals to a multichannel case and then presents exact sampling results for two different types of image features used for registration: moments and edges. In the first part, it is shown that the geometric moments of an observed scene can be retrieved exactly from sampled images and used as global features for registration. The second part describes how edges can also be retrieved perfectly from sampled images for registration purposes. The proposed feature extraction schemes therefore allow in theory the exact registration of images. Indeed, various simulations show that the proposed extraction/registration methods overcome traditional ones, especially at low-resolution. These characteristics make such feature extraction techniques very appropriate for applications like image super-resolution for which a very precise registration is needed. The quality of the super-resolved images obtained using the proposed feature extraction meth- ods is improved by comparison with other approaches. Finally, the notion of polyphase components is used to adapt the image acquisition model to the characteristics of real digital cameras in order to run super-resolution experiments on real images