The Charateristic and Existence of Multinational Petroleum Companies

Spesifisitas penetapan investasi pada konsekuensi hulu minyak dan gas dari peran negara yang cukup besar. Ini karena sektor hulu migas membutuhkan biaya investasi modal yang relatif besar; Risiko tinggi, penggunaan teknologi maju dan sumber daya manusia yang terlatih. Namun, investasi di sektor hulu migas juga memberi keuntungan besar. Oleh karena itu, negara penghasil minyak dan gas berusaha memaksimalkan kontrol penuh atas urusan operasi, produksi, manajemen, dan pemasaran. Kekuatan baru membentuk sistem Internasional antara tahun 1945 dan 1970 yang pada akhirnya menciptakan lingkungan politik dan ideologis di mana kekuatan besar dan Perusahaan minyak flg mereka dapat ditantang oleh negara-negara produsen. Dekolonisasi, Perang Dingin dan gerakan yang tidak bergerak adalah tiga tren yang menunjukkan kemunduran dunia multipolar di mana kekuatan kekaisaran berjuang untuk mengendalikan sumber daya di luar perbatasan mereka dan munculnya dunia bipolar di mana negara-negara baru di Selatan dapat Memainkan kekuatan super melawan satu sama lain

Kerjasama Bagi Hasil Akad Muzara'ah Kritik Putusan Pengadilan Agama Banyuwangi Nomor 3252/Pdt.g.2016/Pa.Bwi

Abstrac: The agreement for profit sharing cooperation should be recorded in accordance with the applicable law so that it is mutually binding and does not result in fraud from either party either the violation or the betrayal of the cooperation agreement. This can be seen in Case Number 3252 / Pdt.G / 2016 / PA.Bwi. concerning cancellation of the muzara'ah contract. This research is a descriptive legal research, data collection is done by examining the lawsuit file, peace and the decision of the Panel of Judges. The results of this study, 1. The basis of the claim is the background of the denial or betrayal of one of the parties, namely land owners who feel jealous of land managers (cultivators) related to the harvest of dragon fruit. 2. The mediation process carried out based on PERMA No. 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures and Successfully Achieved an Agreement. 3. Legal products are Determination of case revocation

Keabsahan Pembuktian Keterangan Ahli Dibacakan Dalam Persidangan Perkara Melanggar Kesusilaan Menurut Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Acara Pidana (Studi Kasus Atas Putusan Nomor 476/pid.sus/2013/pn.slmn)

The journal aims to find evidence proving the validity of which was read by a member of the Code of Penal (Criminal Procedure Code) in the case of violation of morality, according to Law No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions. The approach used in writing this paper is to approach the case. The technique of collecting legal material that is used in this paper is the study of literature. The author uses deductive logic METRODE in writing this journal. Based on the research and pembahasana, it can be concluded that the strength of evidence that expert testimony was read in a matter of decency violation by Act No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions shall remain valid when didahuli by calling formally by a team of investigators, expert witnesses must be sworn in before giving evidence either orally or in writing (in a letter), and his testimony at trial was conducted in rather than out of the conference

Model Pembelajaran Kolaboratif Berbasis Case Method: Studi Kasus pada Mata Kuliah Hukum Perdata

Penelitian hibah pembelajaran kali ini meneliti tentang peningkatan kemampuan kolaboratif mahasiswa dalam pemecahan masalah dengan penerapan case metode pada mata kuliah hukum perdata difakultas hukum Universitas Jambi, penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas, dimana yang akan menjadi subyek penelitian yang akan diteliti adalah mahasiswa yang mengikuti perkuliahan hukum perdata terutama kelas C. Penelitian ini bertujuan bahwa dari hasil penelitian ini akan ditemukan inovasi dalam pembelajaran  terutama dalam pengembangan, peningkatan gaya pengajaran, dari perencanaan sampai pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran, dari penelitian ini juga bertujuan mencari cara bagaimana meningkatkan kolaborasi dan partisipasi mahasiswa dalam memecahkan kasus yang diberikan. Pendekatan campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini,  dan lebih fokus pada proses pembelajaran dan dimensi kuantitatif. Penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan case method ini akan dilakukan pada perkuliahan  Hukum  perdata genap 2023/2024 dan disesuaikan dengan jadwal perkuliahan di kelas C mata kuliah hukum perdata. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan tim peneliti melihat peningkatan kolaboratif mahasiswa dalam perkuliahan terutama dalam partisipasi mereka dikelas

Analisis Penerapan Hukum Perdata Internasional pada Putusan Pengadilan Negara Indonesia, Belanda dan Jerman Terkait Perceraian Dalam Perkawinan Campuran

Abstrak Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Pasal 1 memberikan pengertian bahwa “Perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir batin seorang pria dan seorang wanita sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga (rumah tangga) yang bahagia dan kekal”. Perkawinan mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam hal menjamin kelangsungan sebuah keluarga. Agar perkawinan terjamin kelangsungan dan mempunyai kepastian hukum, maka perkawinan terjamin kelangsungan dan mempunyai kepastian hukum, maka perkawinan perlu dicatat berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Pasal 57 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan menyatakan “Perkawinan Campuran merupakan perkawinan yang dilangsungkan antara dua (2) pihak yang berbeda kewarganegaraan tetapi salah satu dari kedua pihak tersebut adalah warga negara Indonesia yang tunduk kepada hukum”. Perkawinan campuran dilaksanakan dengan memilih salah satu hukum dari masing-masing pihak yang dilakukan sesuai dengan persetujuan dan disepakati, dari salah satu pihak atau kedua pihak wajib untuk tunduk sukarela dalam melaksanakan perkawinan. Perceraian adalah putusnya hubungan suami-istri, talak, hidup perpisahan antara suami-istri selagi kedua-duanya masih hidup. Undang-Undang Perkawinan menyatakan bahwa perceraian merupakan salah satu penyebab putusnya perkawinan. Perceraian pada perkawinan campuran di Indonesia mempunyai implikasi hukum yang saling berkaitan dengan hukum perdata internasional. Pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam perkawinan campuran di Indonesia mempunyai kemampuan untuk memilih pilihan hukum yaitu seperti negara tempat perkawinan atau perceraian dilangsungkan, negara tempat salah satu pihak berkebangsaan, atau hukum Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974, Perkawinan Campuran, Putusan Pengadilan, Hukum Perdata Internasional, Hukum Antar Tata Hukum   Abstract Law Number 1 of 1974 Article 1 provides an understanding that “Marriage is the inner and outer bond of a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family (household)”. Marriage has a very important role in ensuring the continuity of a family. In order for marriage to be guaranteed continuity and have legal certainty, marriage is guaranteed continuity and has legal certainty, so marriage needs to be recorded based on applicable laws and regulations. Article 57 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage states “Mixed Marriage is a marriage that is entered into between two (2) parties of different nationalities but one of the two parties is an Indonesian citizen who is subject to the law”. Mixed marriages are conducted by choosing one of the laws of each party in accordance with the agreement and agreed upon, from one party or both parties are obliged to submit voluntarily in carrying out the marriage. Divorce is the breakup of the husband-wife relationship, divorce, living separation between husband and wife while both are still alive. The Marriage Law states that divorce is one of the causes of marriage breakdown. Divorce in mixed marriages in Indonesia has legal implications that are interrelated with international civil law. The parties involved in a mixed marriage in Indonesia have the ability to choose a choice of law, such as the country where the marriage or the divorce is held, the country where one of the parties is a national, or Indonesian law. Keywords: Law Number 1 Year 1974, Mixed Marriages, Court Ruling, International Civil Law, Inter-Legal La

PERLINDUNGAN ANAK YANG LAHIR DILUAR PERKAWINAN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana status anak yang dilahirkan diluar perkawinan di Indonesia dan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum bagi anak yang lahir diluar perkawinan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia semula hanya melindungi status hukum anak sah, yang didasarkan pada suatu perkawinan yang sah dengan segala hak yang melekat pada anak sah tersebut, sedangkan anak di luar nikah atau anak tidak sah hanya berhak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum keperdataan dari pihak ibunya atau keluarga ibunya. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010, memberikan implikasi atas mempersamakan status hukum antara anak sah dengan anak di luar nikah dalam memperoleh hak-hak keperdataan. Perubahan hukum di atas merupakan perlindungan hak anak luar kawin dan ibu kandung mencakup perlindungan hak yuridis anak luar kawin untuk menuntut pengakuan dan pengesahan sehingga memberikan perlindungan hukum akan hak-hak dari anak dan perlindungan bagi ibu kandung untuk meminta tanggung jawab nafkah untuk membesarkan anak luar kawin kepada ayah biologisnya. Begitupun hak untuk mendapat harta warisan tanpa ada diskriminasi.   Kata Kunci : perlindungan anak yang lahir diluar perkawina

Kedudukan Bezitter Terhadap Objek Warisan

Inheritance law is part of marriage law. This relationship occurs because inheritance law regulates how a person's property and wealth will be distributed to the heirs. The inheritance process will refer to the transfer of property from heirs to heirs.  The law authorizes the heirs to own the right to inheritance. Inheritance that has no heirs will be under the control of the heritage hall, in the Indonesian Civil Code Material rights, namely, Bezit, Eigendom, and material rights over other people's property, will be exercised by Bezitter after that, where Bezitter who has good faith has the right to acquire ownership of the object. The possession of an inheritance by a Bezitter can occur if the heirs do not exist or are unable to perform their rights and obligations. This refers to the application of the principle of expiration, to study and discuss the right of bezitter to the object of inheritance and to discuss the legal consequences of the object of inheritance that is leased to other parties. The legal research method used in examining this problem is normative juridical, which is based on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, and uses a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The result of this writing explains that Bezitter's position on the control of an inheritance according to Article 1185 can be done if, a Bezitter who has in good faith has managed and cared for an inheritance for a long period of time (verjaring) is allowed to control an inheritance if the heirs are unable to exercise their rights and obligations. Legal protection can be done by implementing relevant laws and regulations as a preventive step in maintaining security and law enforcement

ANALISIS HUKUM TERHADAP PENGAMPUAN ATAS PENYANDANG DISABILITAS MENTAL (Studi Penetapan Pengadilan No. 2238/Pdt.P/2021/PN.Sby.)

Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities states: "Persons with disabilities may be declared incompetent based on the decision of the district court." Related to these provisions, in applications for the forgiveness of mentally destabilized persons, the Applicant must follow the procedures stipulated in the laws and regulations, state the reasons, and also clearly state the Applicant and the party requested for custody (Respondent).The purpose of this study is to examine the importance of the forgiveness institution regulated in the Civil Code (KUH Perdata) and the legal consequences related to Determination Number 2238 / Pdt.P / 2021 / PN. Sby. This research is a normative legal research using a statutory approach, a concept approach, and a case approach. Legal material is taken by conducting literature research. Analysis of legal materials is carried out by quoting and reviewing relevant articles of laws and regulations. In contrast, the opinions of scholars quoted are then used as a theoretical basis to answer the subject matter.Based on the results and discussion of the legal issues raised, it can be concluded that the importance of forgiveness regulated in the Civil Code is to find out the parties related to the application for forgiveness, the type of authority of the custodian in managing the interests of the civil and the Respondent, so that there is no abuse by the custodian

Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen dalam Jual Beli yang tidak Sesuai Dengan Perjanjian pada Transaksi E-Commerce

Advances in information and communication technology (internet) are not only to find various information, but some people make it a medium for conducting transactions in e-commerce. The positive aspects of e-commerce transactions, in addition to saving time, are also more certain prices, but that does not mean without weaknesses; for example, the goods purchased are not as promised. Of course, this harms consumers, so there are disputes between consumers and business actors. Therefore, there needs to be legal protection, considering that consumers are often positioned as weak parties. This study examines whether the elements in e-commerce transactions meet the aspects of buying and selling in the Civil Code and how the Consumer Protection Law provides legal protection if the goods purchased by consumers are not by the agreement. This research is a normative legal research using a statutory, concept, and comparative approach. Legal materials are collected through literature research. Legal materials are analysed by quoting and reviewing relevant articles of laws and regulations. At the same time, the opinions of scholars are cited and used as a theoretical basis to answer research questions.The results of the discussion of research problems can conclude that the main elements in e-commerce transactions are buyers, sellers, goods and prices by the aspects of buying and selling in the Civil Code. Still, in e-commerce transactions, additional parties are involved, namely intermediaries. For consumers who feel aggrieved because the goods purchased are not by the agreement, the form of legal protection is to be able to claim compensation through litigation or non-litigation channels

ANALISIS BULLYING PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERDATA: STUDI KASUS PEMBULLYAN HINGGA HILANG NYAWA SANTRI DI KOTA KEDIRI

Bullying cases in Indonesia indicate that victims often do not receive adequate protection and assistance. Weak legal protection and slow implementation are major challenges. In civil law itself, personal law is recognized, wherein individuals have rights and obligations that make them legal subjects. One of the rights that bullying victims obtain under civil law is the right to sue and receive compensation. In this journal, the author highlights the case of a student in Kediri city, namely Bintang Balqis Maulana (14), a student at the Al Hanifiyah Islamic Boarding School from Banyuwangi. The author will analyze how Indonesian civil law regulates the case of student abuse that resulted in death and the civil rights to material compensation, thereby demonstrating the importance of restitution mechanisms for the victim's family and the mechanisms used in resolving the case. The method used by the author in writing this journal is descriptive qualitative, focusing on library research to examine the formulation of problems and in-depth analysis based on various reference sources. The importance of highlighting this case is due to the reality that, according to research by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), around 3,800 bullying cases were reported in Indonesia throughout 2023. Nearly half occurred in educational institutions, including Islamic boarding schools. Keywords: Bullying, civil law, restitution, compensatio