535 research outputs found
Learning sound representations using trainable COPE feature extractors
Sound analysis research has mainly been focused on speech and music
processing. The deployed methodologies are not suitable for analysis of sounds
with varying background noise, in many cases with very low signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR). In this paper, we present a method for the detection of patterns
of interest in audio signals. We propose novel trainable feature extractors,
which we call COPE (Combination of Peaks of Energy). The structure of a COPE
feature extractor is determined using a single prototype sound pattern in an
automatic configuration process, which is a type of representation learning. We
construct a set of COPE feature extractors, configured on a number of training
patterns. Then we take their responses to build feature vectors that we use in
combination with a classifier to detect and classify patterns of interest in
audio signals. We carried out experiments on four public data sets: MIVIA audio
events, MIVIA road events, ESC-10 and TU Dortmund data sets. The results that
we achieved (recognition rate equal to 91.71% on the MIVIA audio events, 94% on
the MIVIA road events, 81.25% on the ESC-10 and 94.27% on the TU Dortmund)
demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and are higher than the
ones obtained by other existing approaches. The COPE feature extractors have
high robustness to variations of SNR. Real-time performance is achieved even
when the value of a large number of features is computed.Comment: Accepted for publication in Pattern Recognitio
Design of a 3D photonic band gap cavity in a diamond-like inverse woodpile photonic crystal
We theoretically investigate the design of cavities in a three-dimensional
(3D) inverse woodpile photonic crystal. This class of cubic diamond-like
crystals has a very broad photonic band gap and consists of two perpendicular
arrays of pores with a rectangular structure. The point defect that acts as a
cavity is centred on the intersection of two intersecting perpendicular pores
with a radius that differs from the ones in the bulk of the crystal. We have
performed supercell bandstructure calculations with up to
unit cells. We find that up to five isolated and dispersionless bands appear
within the 3D photonic band gap. For each isolated band, the electric-field
energy is localized in a volume centred on the point defect, hence the point
defect acts as a 3D photonic band gap cavity. The mode volume of the cavities
resonances is as small as 0.8 (resonance wavelength cubed),
indicating a strong confinement of the light. By varying the radius of the
defect pores we found that only donor-like resonances appear for smaller defect
radius, whereas no acceptor-like resonances appear for greater defect radius.
From a 3D plot of the distribution of the electric-field energy density we
conclude that peaks of energy found in sharp edges situated at the point
defect, similar to how electrons collect at such features. This is different
from what is observed for cavities in non-inverted woodpile structures. Since
inverse woodpile crystals can be fabricated from silicon by CMOS-compatible
means, we project that single cavities and even cavity arrays can be realized,
for wavelength ranges compatible with telecommunication windows in the near
infrared.Comment: 11 figure
Using Energy Peaks to Measure New Particle Masses
We discussed in arXiv:1209.0772 that the laboratory frame distribution of the
energy of a massless particle from a two-body decay at a hadron collider has a
peak whose location is identical to the value of this daughter's (fixed) energy
in the rest frame of the corresponding mother particle. For that result to hold
we assumed that the mother is unpolarized and has a generic boost distribution
in the laboratory frame. In this work we discuss how this observation can be
applied for determination of masses of new particles, without requiring a full
reconstruction of their decay chains or information about the rest of the
event. We focus on a two-step cascade decay of a massive particle that has one
invisible particle in the final state: C -> Bb -> Aab, where C, B and A are new
particles of which A is invisible and a, b are visible particles. Combining the
measurements of the peaks of energy distributions of a and b with that of the
edge in their invariant mass distribution, we demonstrate that it is in
principle possible to determine separately all three masses of the new
particles, in particular, without using any measurement of missing transverse
momentum. Furthermore, we show how the use of the peaks in an inclusive energy
distribution is generically less affected by combinatorial issues as compared
to other mass measurement strategies. For some simplified, yet interesting,
scenarios we find that these combinatorial issues are absent altogether. As an
example of this general strategy, we study SUSY models where gluino decays to
an invisible lightest neutralino via an on-shell bottom squark. Taking into
account the dominant backgrounds, we show how the mass of the bottom squark,
the gluino and (for some class of spectra) that of the neutralino can be
determined using this technique.Comment: 42 pages, 11 figure
Variations of the Energy of Free Particles in the pp-Wave Spacetimes
We consider the action of exact plane gravitational waves, or pp-waves, on
free particles. The analysis is carried out by investigating the variations of
the geodesic trajectories of the particles, before and after the passage of the
wave. The initial velocities of the particles are non-vanishing. We evaluate
numerically the Kinetic energy per unit mass of the free particles, and obtain
interesting, quasi-periodic behaviour of the variations of the Kinetic energy
with respect to the width of the gaussian that represents the wave.
The variation of the energy of the free particle is expected to be exactly
minus the variation of the energy of the gravitational field, and therefore
provides an estimation of the local variation of the gravitational energy. The
investigation is carried out in the context of short bursts of gravitational
waves, and of waves described by normalised gaussians, that yield impulsive
waves in a certain limit.Comment: 20 pages, 18 figures, further arguments supporting the localizability
of the gravitational energy are presented, published in Univers
A Necessary Constraint on the Use of Extended Harmonic Analysis for Tide Predictions
When American and British tide researchers, in an effort to improve tide predictions for large-range shallow-water tides, greatly expanded the number of tide constituents (extended harmonic analysis), they chose the added frequencies by selecting peaks of energy greatly exceeding the continuum (noise level) in a high-resolution Fourier analysis of tide residuals (observed minus predicted). Unfortunately, some tide agencies are now routinely analyzing for a greatly expanded number of constituents without checking as to whether the amplitudes of these added constituents are significantly larger than the continuum. They do this believing that more is necessarily better; actually, in some cases, a future prediction may be worse unless this check is done routinely
Energy Wars - Chrome vs. Firefox Which browser is more energy efficient?
This paper presents a preliminary study on the energy consump-
tion of two popular web browsers. In order to properly measure
the energy consumption of both environments, we simulate the
usage of various applications, which the goal to mimic typical user
interactions and usage.
Our preliminary results show interesting findings based on ob-
servation, such as what type of interactions generate high peaks
of energy consumption, and which browser is overall the most
efficient. Our goal with this preliminary study is to show to users
how very different the efficiency of web browsers can be, and may
serve with advances in this area of study.FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UIDB/50014/2020
Identification of energy saving potential in steam boiler through an ISO 50001 standard
The energy performance of steam boilers, such as the efficiency and the evaporation
ratio can decrease along time because of the poor combustion, heat transfer fouling, poor
operation, and low maintenance rate. The energy indicators assessment allows to observe the
abnormal operational deviations to implement corrective action, so it is necessary to find out the
level of efficiency in real time to evaluate the thermal performance, which is an obligatory
requirement to implement the energy management program in the industry. As a contribution in
the area of energy efficiency in steam boilers, the results of an applied research are presented,
where the behavior of steam production and gas consumption as input variables were considered
to apply the methodology and obtain the energy saving results on a boiler from 125.000lb/h
steam capacity. The consumption and energy production control charts, the base and goal line,
and base 100 indicators were calculated to facilitate the energy monitoring of the steam boiler
for a period six month. Letting the application of the methodology to recognize saving
opportunities starting from the analysis of variables that impact the energy consumption affected
by different ways energy consumption of the company. The study showed a linear base with the
form EB = 0.0595x + 0.988, with a linear correlation equal to R2 = 0.973 and a goal line EG =
0.0586x + 1.3814, with a linear correlation of R² = 0.97, which means statistical validity in
the data collection. Additionally, the base 100 index was calculated to identify satisfactory the
peaks of energy efficiency, showing efficiency and inefficiency in the process. The study shows
that data reflected below the efficiency rate (100) are considered peaks of energy inefficiency,
which means energy saving opportunities for operational control, maintenance management,
production planning, besides the typical ones due to technological changes
Energy peaks: a high energy physics outlook
Energy distributions of decay products carry information on the kinematics of
the decay in ways that are at the same time straightforward and quite hidden. I
will review these properties and discuss their early historical applications as
well as more recent ones in the context of i) methods for the measurement of
masses of new physics particle with semi-invisible decays, ii) the
characterization of Dark Matter particles produced at colliders, iii) precision
mass measurements of Standard Model particles, in particular of the top quark.
Finally I will give an outlook of further developments and applications of
energy peaks method for high energy physics at colliders and beyond.Comment: Review written for MPLA; typos corrected, references adde
Interaction Properties of the Periodic and Step-like Solutions of the Double-Sine-Gordon Equation
The periodic and step-like solutions of the double-Sine-Gordon equation are
investigated, with different initial conditions and for various values of the
potential parameter . We plot energy and force diagrams, as functions
of the inter-soliton distance for such solutions. This allows us to consider
our system as an interacting many-body system in 1+1 dimension. We therefore
plot state diagrams (pressure vs. average density) for step-like as well as
periodic solutions. Step-like solutions are shown to behave similarly to their
counterparts in the Sine-Gordon system. However, periodic solutions show a
fundamentally different behavior as the parameter is increased. We
show that two distinct phases of periodic solutions exist which exhibit
manifestly different behavior. Response functions for these phases are shown to
behave differently, joining at an apparent phase transition point.Comment: 17pages, 15 figure
- …