Emotion Regulation and Parental Bonding in Families of Adolescents With Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms

Parental bonding and emotional regulation, while important to explain difficulties that may arise in child development, have mainly been studied at an individual level. The present study aims to examine alexithymia and parental bonding in families of adolescents with psychiatric disorders through different generations. The sample included a total of 102 adolescent patients with psychiatric disorders and their parents. In order to take a family level approach, a Latent Class Analysis was used to identify the latent relationships among alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale), perceived parental bonding (Parental Bonding Instrument) and the presence of adolescent internalizing or externalizing psychiatric symptoms (Youth Self-Report). Families of internalizing and externalizing adolescents present different and specific patterns of emotional regulation and parenting. High levels of adolescent alexithymia, along with a neglectful parenting style perceived by the adolescent and the father as well, characterized the families of patients with internalizing symptoms. On the other hand, in the families with externalizing adolescents, it was mainly the mother to remember an affectionless control parental style. These results suggest the existence of an intergenerational transmission of specific parental bonding, which may influence the emotional regulation and therefore the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms

Parental bonding and identity style as correlates of self-esteem among adult adoptees and nonadoptees

Adult adoptees (n equals 100) and non-adoptees (n equals 100) were compared with regard to selfesteem, identity processing style, and parental bonding. While some differences were found with regard to self-esteem, maternal care, and maternal overprotection, these differences were qualified by reunion status such that only reunited adoptees differed significantly from nonadoptees. Moreover, hierarchical regression analyses indicated that parental bonding and identity processing style were more important than adoptive status per se in predicting self esteem. Implications for practitioners who work with adoptees are discussed

Associations of parental bonding and adolescent internet addiction symptoms with depression and anxiety in parents of adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations of parental bonding and adolescents’ Internet addiction symptoms with depression and anxiety in parents of adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Parental depression and anxiety symptoms, parental bonding, and adolescents’ Internet addiction symptoms were assessed in 46 parent-child dyads using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and Chen Internet Addiction Scale, respectively. Forward stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations of parental bonding and adolescents’ Internet addiction symptoms with parental depression and anxiety. Results: Low care/affection on the PBI was significantly associated with parental depression, and overprotection on the PBI and adolescents’ Internet addiction were significantly associated with parental anxiety. Discussion: Parental bonding and adolescents’ Internet addiction are related to depression and anxiety in parents of adolescents with ADHD

Parental bonding and parent-child relationship among tertiary students

Parental bonding is an important predictor that gives a lot of insight into parent-child relationship. Studies have demonstrated the importance of parent child relationship for adjustment, ranging from attachment during infancy, indiscipline style during childhood and adolescence to parenting style during adulthood. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between parental bonding and parent-child relationship among tertiary level students in which gender and cultural effects were also taken into consideration. A survey with two valid inventories?Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI) and Parent-Child Relationship Survey (PCRS) was carried out on 160 tertiary level students from Selangor. Results indicate that stronger parental bonding promotes better parent-child relationship. Besides, females were found to have better parental bonding as well as parent-child relationship compared to males. From a cultural aspect, there is no difference among races in terms of parental bonding and parent-child relationship

Parental bonding and alexithymia: A meta-analysis

Aim: The primary purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore, clarify and report the strength of the relationship between alexithymia, as measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and parenting style as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Methods: Web of Science, PsycInfo, PubMed and ProQuest: Dissertations and Theses searches were undertaken, yielding nine samples with sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis. Results: Evidence indicated moderate to strong relationships between maternal care and alexithymia, and between maternal care and two of the three TAS-20 alexithymia facets (Difficulties Describing Feelings and Difficulties Identifying Feelings, but not Externally Oriented Thinking). Moderate relationships were observed for both maternal- and paternal-overprotection and alexithymia respectively, and for overprotection (both maternal and paternal) and Difficulties Describing Feelings. Conclusion: This study is the first meta-analysis of the relationship between parenting styles and alexithymia, and findings confirm an especially strong association between maternal care and key elements of alexithymia. This review highlights the issues that still remain to be addressed in exploring the link between parenting style and alexithymia

KECERDASAN SOSIAL PADA REMAJA KPOPERS MINANG DITINJAU DARI PERENTAL BONDING: SOCIAL INTELLEGENCE IN YOUTH KPOPERS IN MINANG ASSESSED FROM PERENTAL BONDING

Introduction Adolescent age makes adolescent development tasks increase, one of which is involved in social structures. The existence of group formation in adolescents is likely to influence the social attitudes of these adolescent. This study aims to see the differences in the level of adolescent social intellegence in terms of parental bonding (parent-child bonding). Method The subjects of this study were 38 kpopers from the Minang tribe who lived in West Sumatera, with an age range of 12-20 years. The sample was taken by using a purposive random sampling technique, with a Likert-type questionnaire. The data analysis technique used in this research is the one way ANOVA statistical technique.    Results of this study indicate that there are differences in the social intellegence of Minang kpopers adolescents in terms of parental bonding, with a p-value of 0.025 (p <0.05). with 12 subjects in the optional parenting parental bonding type, 6 subjects in the affectionaned control parental bonding category, 13 subjects in the affectionated constrait category, and 7 subjects in the neglected parenting category.      Conclusions and Recommendation There are differences in the social intellegence of Minang Kpopers adolescents in parental bonding. This research that recommendation for research to correlation all type of parental bonding with social intellegence.  Keywords: Parental bondiing, social intelligence, adolescent, Minang, kpopers.                                       ABSTRAK                                                                                                                                                  Pendahuluan Usia remaja membuat tugas-tugas perkembangan remaja semakin bertambah, salah satunya keterlibatan di dalam struktur sosial. Adanya pembentukan kelompok pada remaja berkemungkinan memengaruhi sikap sosial remaja tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan tingkat kecerdasan sosial remaja ditinjau dari parental bonding (ikatan orangtua dan anak).                                                                                                                                                      Metode Subjek penelitian ini adalah remaja kpopers dari Suku Minang yang berdomisili di Sumatera Barat berjumlah 38 orang dengan rentang usia 12-20 tahun, pengambilan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive random sampling, dengan kuesioner tipe likert. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik statistik one way anova. Subjek penelitian ini adalah remaja kpopers dari Suku Minang yang berdomisili di Sumatera Barat berjumlah 38 orang dengan rentang usia 12-20 tahun, pengambilan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive random sampling, dengan kuesioner tipe likert. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik statistik one way anova.                                        Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kecerdasan sosial remaja Minang kpopers ditinjau dari parental bonding, dengan nilai p 0.025 (p<0.05). dengan 12 subjek pada tipe parental bonding optional parenting, 6 subjek pada kategori parental bonding affectionated control, 13 subjek pada kategori affectionated constrait, dan 7 subjek pada kategori neglected parenting.          Kesimpulan dan Saran Adanya perbedaan tingkat kecerdasan sosial remaja Minang Kpopers berdasarkan parental bonding. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk meneliti hubungan setiap tipe parental bonding dengan kecerdasan sosial.Kata kunci: Parental bonding, kecerdasan sosial, remaja, Minang, kpopers.                                                                       

The Effects of Intimacy and Parental Bonding on the Psychological Well-Being of University aged Women

This study investigated whether students who had high perceived parental bonding and low fear of intimacy would have a more positive level of psychological well-being. Additionally, the study sought to determine any differences between a single parent household and a two parent household. The sample consisted of 93 female undergraduate students in University in London, Ontario. An independent t-test revealed there was no significant differences in bonding between a single parent household and a two parent household. A multiple regression analysis revealed that perceived parental bonding and fear of intimacy were significant predictors of psychological well-being. A significant positive correlation was found between parental bonding and psychological well-being. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was found between parental bonding and fear of intimacy. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was found between fear of intimacy and psychological well-being. These findings suggest that parental bonding and fear of intimacy are foundational for an individual’s psychological well-being as an adult

Paternal Postpartum Bonding and Its Predictors in the Early Postpartum Period: Cross-Sectional Study in a Polish Cohort

Introduction: Parental postpartum bonding has been studied by many researchers focusing on maternal bonding. The objective of this study was to examine the psychological and socio-demographic predictors of paternal postpartum bonding in the early postpartum period. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 131 couples (fathers median age of 32.37 years, SD = 4.59; mothers median age of 30.23 years, SD = 3.90) of newborns from full-term pregnancies were recruited from November 2019 until March 2020. The primary outcome was paternal postpartum bonding as measured by the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). Secondary outcomes included: maternal and paternal anxiety [with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Assessment]; maternal and paternal stress [with the Parental Stress Scale (PSS)]; maternal depressive symptoms [with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS)]; and maternal and paternal socio-demographic variables as fathers’ presence at childbirth, education level, age, and parental experience. Results: Paternal postpartum bonding was significantly correlated with paternal anxiety (moderate strength), maternal stress (strong correlation), and maternal postpartum bonding. No significant correlations between paternal postpartum bonding, maternal depression symptoms, and maternal anxiety were found. The mediating role of paternal stress in paternal postpartum bonding was proven. Paternal anxiety strengthens paternal stress (b = 0.98). Further, a high level of paternal stress disrupts paternal postpartum bonding (b = 0.41). Results of regression analyses have revelated that maternal infant bonding (p < 0.01) and paternal stress (p < 0.01) are the only predictors of parental postpartum bonding across all included variables. None of investigated socio-demographic variables were associated with paternal postpartum bonding. Conclusion: Notwithstanding limitations, the current findings add to a growing body of literature on paternal postpartum bonding. The results have shown that paternal mental health is related to parental postpartum bonding directly after delivery.publishedVersio

Parental styles are associated with eating disorder symptoms, anxiety, interpersonal difficulties, and nucleus accumbens response.

OBJECTIVES: Eating disorders (EDs) typically emerge during adolescence. Parental bonding has a lasting impact on a childs mental health during those developmentally critical years. There remains uncertainty over whether parental bonding is a risk factor for developing or maintaining specifically EDs or, rather, general psychopathology and the associated underlying brain function. METHODS: Forty-one young adult healthy control individuals (HC, 26.6 ± 3.5&nbsp;years) and 46 individuals with EDs (25 with anorexia nervosa, AN, 22.8 ± 6.4&nbsp;years, and 21 with bulimia nervosa, BN, 23.5 ± 4.2&nbsp;years) completed the parental bonding instrument (PBI), assessments for anxiety, depression, and ED behaviors, and underwent a conditioning paradigm during brain imaging. RESULTS: In both groups, perceived parental care and overprotection were correlated with state and trait anxiety and interpersonal alienation, and in HC only, with body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. Individuals with an ED reported lower self-perceived parental care, but higher overprotection compared to the HC group. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) response was related to bonding measures in both groups and right NAc response mediated the relationship between maternal care and trait anxiety in HC. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived parental bonding is associated with general psychopathology, including elevated anxiety and interpersonal difficulties across HC and ED groups. Lower perceived parental care and higher overprotection could predispose healthy individuals to develop problems with body shape or weight; however, other, maybe biological factors may determine whether a person will develop an ED. The link between perceived parental bonding, NAc valence processing and anxiety implicates dopaminergic circuits that should be studied further. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III: Case-control analytic study

Childhood Parental Bonding, Perceived Caregiver Burden, And Relationship Quality Among Adult Child Caregivers Of A Parent With Early-Stage Dementia

Objectives – The objective of this paper was to investigate the associations between childhood parental bonding with current perceived caregiving burden and levels of perceived support from the parent among adult children of a parent living with early-stage dementia.Methods – One hundred and forty-four adult children completed self-report questionnaires that included the following measures: the Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS). Multiple linear regression models were conducted to investigate the relationships between the parental bonding subscales (care, overprotection, and optimal parenting), caregiving burden, and relationship quality scores. Results – Adult children who identified more care, less protection, and optimal parenting in the childhood bond with their parent reported greater current perceived support from their parent, but not reduced caregiver burden. Conclusions – Our findings indicate that childhood parenting bonding may have consequences for the quality of the parent-child relationship in later life. KEYWORDS – burden, relationship quality, Parental Bonding Inventory, parent-child relationship, Social and Behavioral Science