Distributed UAV Swarm Augmented Wideband Spectrum Sensing Using Nyquist Folding Receiver

Distributed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms are formed by multiple UAVs with increased portability, higher levels of sensing capabilities, and more powerful autonomy. These features make them attractive for many recent applica-tions, potentially increasing the shortage of spectrum resources. In this paper, wideband spectrum sensing augmented technology is discussed for distributed UAV swarms to improve the utilization of spectrum. However, the sub-Nyquist sampling applied in existing schemes has high hardware complexity, power consumption, and low recovery efficiency for non-strictly sparse conditions. Thus, the Nyquist folding receiver (NYFR) is considered for the distributed UAV swarms, which can theoretically achieve full-band spectrum detection and reception using a single analog-to-digital converter (ADC) at low speed for all circuit components. There is a focus on the sensing model of two multichannel scenarios for the distributed UAV swarms, one with a complete functional receiver for the UAV swarm with RIS, and another with a decentralized UAV swarm equipped with a complete functional receiver for each UAV element. The key issue is to consider whether the application of RIS technology will bring advantages to spectrum sensing and the data fusion problem of decentralized UAV swarms based on the NYFR architecture. Therefore, the property for multiple pulse reconstruction is analyzed through the Gershgorin circle theorem, especially for very short pulses. Further, the block sparse recovery property is analyzed for wide bandwidth signals. The proposed technology can improve the processing capability for multiple signals and wide bandwidth signals while reducing interference from folded noise and subsampled harmonics. Experiment results show augmented spectrum sensing efficiency under non-strictly sparse conditions

Investigation of Vehicular S-LSTM NOMA Over Time Selective Nakagami-m Fading with Imperfect CSI, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2022, nr 4

In this paper, the performance of a deep learning based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is investigated for 5G radio communication networks. We consider independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Nakagami-m fading links to prove that when using MIMO with the NOMA system, the outage probability (OP) and end-to-end symbol error rate (SER) improve, even in the presence of imperfect channel state information (CSI) and successive interference cancellation (SIC) errors. Further more, the stacked long short-term memory (S-LSTM) algorithm is employed to improve the system’s performance, even under time-selective channel conditions and in the presence of terminal’s mobility. For vehicular NOMA networks, OP, SER, and ergodic sum rate have been formulated. Simulations show that an S-LSTM-based DL-NOMA receiver outperforms least square (LS) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) receivers. Furthermore, it has been discovered that the performance of the end-to-end system degrades with the growing amount of node mobility, or if CSI knowledge remains poor. Simulated curves are in close agreement with the analytical results

Very High Resolution Tomographic SAR Inversion for Urban Infrastructure Monitoring — A Sparse and Nonlinear Tour

The topic of this thesis is very high resolution (VHR) tomographic SAR inversion for urban infrastructure monitoring. To this end, SAR tomography and differential SAR tomography are demonstrated using TerraSAR-X spotlight data for providing 3-D and 4-D (spatial-temporal) maps of an entire high rise city area including layover separation and estimation of deformation of the buildings. A compressive sensing based estimator (SL1MMER) tailored to VHR SAR data is developed for tomographic SAR inversion by exploiting the sparsity of the signal. A systematic performance assessment of the algorithm is performed regarding elevation estimation accuracy, super-resolution and robustness. A generalized time warp method is proposed which enables differential SAR tomography to estimate multi-component nonlinear motion. All developed methods are validated with both simulated and extensive processing of large volumes of real data from TerraSAR-X

Radar Technology

In this book “Radar Technology”, the chapters are divided into four main topic areas: Topic area 1: “Radar Systems” consists of chapters which treat whole radar systems, environment and target functional chain. Topic area 2: “Radar Applications” shows various applications of radar systems, including meteorological radars, ground penetrating radars and glaciology. Topic area 3: “Radar Functional Chain and Signal Processing” describes several aspects of the radar signal processing. From parameter extraction, target detection over tracking and classification technologies. Topic area 4: “Radar Subsystems and Components” consists of design technology of radar subsystem components like antenna design or waveform design

Design Options For Low Cost, Low Power Microsatellite Based SAR.

This research aims at providing a system design that reduces the mass and cost of spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions by a factor of two compared to current (TecSAR - 300 kg, ~ £ 127 M) or planned (NovaSAR-S — 400 kg, ~ £ 50 M) mission. This would enable the cost of a SAR constellation to approach that of the current optical constellation such as Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC). This research has identified that the mission cost can be reduced significantly by: focusing on a narrow range of applications (forestry and disasters monitoring); ensuring the final design has a compact stowage volume, which facilitates a shared launch; and building the payload around available platforms, rather than the platform around the payload. The central idea of the research has been to operate the SAR at a low instantaneous power level—a practical proposition for a micro-satellite based SAR. The use of a simple parabolic reflector with a single horn at L-band means that a single, reliable and efficient Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA) can be used to lower the overall system cost, and to minimise the impact on the spacecraft power system. A detailed analysis of basic pulsed (~ 5 - 10 % duty cycle) and Continuous Wave (CW) SAR (100 % duty cycle) payloads has shown their inability to fit directly into existing microsatellite buses without involving major changes, or employing more than one platform. To circumvent the problems of pulsed and CW techniques, two approaches have been formulated. The first shows that a CW SAR can be implemented in a mono-static way with a single antenna on a single platform. In this technique, the SAR works in an Interrupted CW (ICW) mode, but these interruptions introduce periodic gaps in the raw data. On processing, these gapped data result in artefacts in the reconstructed images. By applying data based statistical estimation techniques to “fill in the gaps” in the simulated raw SAR data, this research has shown the possibility of minimising the effects of these artefacts. However, once the same techniques are applied to the real SAR data (in this case derived from RADARSAT-1), the artefacts are shown to be problematic. Because of this the ICW SAR design technique it is—set aside. The second shows that an extended chirp mode pulsed (ECMP) SAR (~ 20 - 54 % duty cycle) can be designed with a lowered peak power level which enables a single SSPA to feed a parabolic Cassegrain antenna. The detailed analysis shows the feasibility of developing a microsatellite based SAR design at a comparable price to those of optical missions

Broadband technologies for efficient MRI

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-226).(cont.) independent receiver coils in parallel or time-axis compression, can be cast as complementary to broadband MRI encoding. This affords broadband non-Fourier MRI with time efficiencies over current fast MRI methods. Finally, we describe the first software and hardware implementation combining these mathematical and physical principles in a proof-of-concept practical broadband MRI system, shown to achieve one order of magnitude increase in efficiency for both 2D and 3D MR imaging.This dissertation investigates the use of matrix compression techniques to increase the efficiency of data acquisition in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners, such as those routinely used in hospitals. MRI is based on the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) principle which states that nuclei with a non-zero spin may only attain specific quantum spin states when under the influence of a magnetic field. By absorbing a photon of energy equal to the difference between two spin states, nuclei are "excited", flipping spins to a higher energy state. Their classical sum, the magnetization vector, once tipped from the lowest energy state, precesses like a spinning top about the direction of the magnetic field. The frequency of its precession depends entirely upon the field's strength. Therefore, just as a camera detects reflected light, including associated color, MRI detects spin density and its associated surrounding chemical conditions via local effects on field strength. MRI, i.e., obtaining an image via localization of the NMR signal, is typically accomplished by manipulating the precession frequency based on location, casting MRI into a Fourier transform problem. In order to increase MRI acquisition efficiency, we follow the proposition of extending the applicability of the physics that MRI is based on. That is, the MR signal content may be prospectively encoded at the excitation step by spatially manipulating both the amplitude and phase of the resonant excitation. In so doing, we create a novel application of algebraic matrix factorization technologies, casting them into broadband MRI signal compression technologies. We examine recent literature to conclude that most fast MRI methods that employ e.g., additional encoding such as multipleby Dimitrios Mitsouras.Ph.D