Love of life in Bharatiar Poetry

Bharathiyar is known as Mahakavi in the world of poetry. He fought for the country and its people. He has expressed many ideas for the unity and liberation of the people through his works. Such ideas are also based on nature. Plants, birds and animals play a major role in protecting nature. People need to understand the nature of these creatures. In order to make the present day people also understand, Bharathiyar has indicated the virtues and virtues of living beings through his poems. His poems like Pappa Pattu, Kannan Pattu and Kuyil Pattu feature birds like sparrow, crow, hen and cuckoo. Bharathiyar has pointed out the special characteristics of birds by linking them with the characteristics of the people. This article explains what Bharathiyar said from the point of view of preserving them

Lontarak soppeng

Proyek Penelitian dan Pengkajian Kebudayaan Nusantara, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan telah mengkaji dan menganalisis naskah-naskah lama di antaranya naskah daerah Sulawesi Selatan yang berjudul Lontarak Soppeng isinya tentang sejarah terjadinya Kerajaan Soppeng. Juga mengenai hubungan kekeluargaan antara Kerajaan Soppeng dengan kerajaan Jainnya. Ditulis juga tentang silsilah dan biografi raja, negarawan dan cendekiawan Bugis. Nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalam naskah ini adalah nilai sejarah, terutama sejarah Bugis yang dapat menunjang pembangunan, baik fisik maupun spiritual

Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Common Surgical Conditions

220100507prabaka

Pesta Adat Balla Tujua di Desa Onto Kecamatan Bantaeng Kabupaten Bantaeng (Studi Unsur-unsur Budaya Islam)

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Sejarah melalui pesta adat Balla Tujua di Desa Onto, dilakukan oleh nenek moyang yang kemudian dilakukan secara turun temurun oleh keturunannya sampai saat ini. Tradisi ini sudah ada sebelum Islam datang. Adapun Prosesi pesta adat Balla Tujua di Desa Onto yaitu menyembelih hewan kemudian malamnya pertunjukan tari pakarena yang dilakukan di rumah pemangku adat, setelah itu dilanjut pencucian benda pusaka. Pagi harinya dilanjut prosesi adat sampulongrua (adat dua belas), dalam prosesi adat dua belas dilakukan dua belas orang yang berjejer duduk untuk menerima makanan dari masyarakat. Prosesi terakhir yaitu berayun, dalam proses ayunan dilakukan ketika seseorang ingin melepas tinja‟ atau nazar dan orang yang ingin mengajukan permintaan. Adapun unsur-unsur budaya Islam dalam Pesta Adat Balla Tujua di Desa Onto Kecamatan Bantaeng Kabupaten Bantaeng diantaranya Sedekah, Berwudhu, Membaca do‟a, Musyawarah, Kebersamaan, Berpakaian rapi, Memberi manfaat kepada orang lain, bernazar, gotong royong dan silaturahmi

Tospråklige elever i møte med brøk – en casestudie av hvordan fire norsk-tamilske 7. trinnselever gjennomfører overganger mellom ulike representasjoner av brøkbegrepet

Denne studien har som hensikt å bidra i forskningen som har med tospråklighet og matematikkundervisning å gjøre, og på denne måten få innsikt i hvordan opplæring kan tilpasses gruppen med tospråklige elever. Studien er avgrenset til å handle om norsk-tamilske elever og deres begrepsforståelse av brøkbegrepet. Studien tar utgangspunkt i følgende forskningsspørsmål: Hvordan norsk-tamilske elever gjennomfører overganger mellom ulike representasjoner av brøkbegrepet? Og underspørsmålene: Hvilke indikasjoner kan finnes på at tospråkligheten påvirker overgangene? Hvilke misoppfatninger av brøkbegrepet kommer frem ved overgangene? For å besvare forskningsspørsmålet og underspørsmålene ble det gjennomført en kvalitativ casestudie med fire norsk-tamilske 7. trinnselever. Det ble utformet to oppgavesett, ett på norsk og ett på tamilsk, med de samme oppgavene der temaet var brøk. Elevene vekslet mellom å benytte de tamilske oppgavetekstene og de norske oppgavetekstene. Oppgavene var utformet slik at elevene kunne benytte ulike overganger mellom ulike matematiske representasjonssystemer. Datamaterialet består av elevenes skriftlige besvarelser og transkripsjoner fra kartleggings- og oppgavebaserte intervjuer. Resultatene fra studien viser at elevenes første steg i oppgaveløsingen er å oversette oppgavene fra tamilsk, til norsk. I denne oversettelsesprosessen viser funnene at faktorene som påvirker overgangene på grunn elevenes tospråklighet er likhet i ordlyder mellom tamilsk og norsk, og ulike bøyninger i hvert av språkene. Funnene viser også at det bør tas hensyn til hvilke kontekster som brukes i oppgavene slik at elever kan klare å skape mening når de foretar ulike overganger fra det verbale semiotiske registeret. Oppgaver som krever en overgang fra enten det verbale eller det symbolske semiotiske registeret til det grafiske registeret, kan være en faktor som bidrar til å berike begrepsforståelsen av brøk. Videre viser studien at elevene med høyest kompetanse i tamilsk, hadde færrest misoppfatninger knyttet til brøk, og at elever med lav kompetanse i tamilsk, hadde flest misoppfatninger knyttet til brøk. Dette kan tyde på at elever med høy kompetanse i førstespråket sitt presterer bedre i matematikkfaget enn elever som har lav kompetanse i førstespråket sitt.The purpose of this master thesis is to contribute to research related to bilingualism and mathematics learning, and through this gain insight into how mathematics education can be adjusted to the group of bilingual students. The study is limited to deal with Norwegian-Tamil students and their conceptual understanding of fractions. The study is based on the following research question: How do Norwegian-Tamil students make transitions between different representations of the fractions? And the sub-questions: What indications are there that bilingualism affects the transitions? What misconceptions of fractions come to light during the transitions? To answer the research question and the sub-questions, a qualitative case study was conducted with four Norwegian-Tamil 7th grade students. Two task sets were designed in Norwegian and Tamil with the same tasks where the mathematical theme was fractions. The students alternated between using the Tamil assignment texts and the Norwegian assignment texts. The assignments were designed so that the students could use different transitions between different mathematical representation systems. The data material consists of the students' written answers and transcripts from survey- and task-based interviews. The results of the study show that the students' first step in solving the tasks is to translate the tasks from Tamil to Norwegian. In this translation process, the findings show that the factors affecting the transitions due to the students’ bilingualism are similarities in wording between Tamil and Norwegian, and different inflections in each of the languages. The findings also show that the contexts used in the tasks should be taken into account so that students can make sense when making different transitions from the verbal semiotic register. Tasks that require a transition from either the verbal or symbolic semiotic register to the graphical register can be a factor that helps to enrich the conceptual understanding of fractions. Furthermore, the study shows that the students with the highest competence in Tamil had the least misconceptions related to fractions, and that the students with the lowest competence in Tamil had the most misconceptions related to fractions. This may indicate that students with high competence in their first language perform better in mathematics than students who have low competence in their first language

Comparative study of visual outcome in MSICS & Phacoemulsification

INTRODUCTION: The use of the intraocular lens implant has been the most exciting development in ophthalmology of the last quarter century. So, during the past 2 decades the advances in cataract surgery have produced better visual outcome. Improvement by means of shortened healing time, a less cunbersome post-operative period, reduced chances of complication and a more predictable outcome. This demand for improvement can be satisfied by universal application of small incision surgery which allows faster and safer healing and reduced suture induced astigmatism. Two principal surgical techniques are used. 1. Phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. 2. Manual Small incision sutureless cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. With an accurate estimation of the power of Intraocular lens, uncomplicated cataract surgery, and an uneventful post-operative period, the implant is capable of providing a visual acuity of 6/6. Hence, this study is an attempt of comparison of visual outcome in MSICS & Phacoemulsification of 100 cases at Govt.Rajaji Hospital, Madurai in relation to (1) Effectiveness which is shown by BCVA - in both the procedures (2) Safety in relation to the incidence of intraoperative complications - in both the procedures. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim is to compare the two cataract extraction procedures performed in 100 patients at Govt. Rajaji hospital, Madurai during the year 2005 January to 2005 December. 1. Manual Small incision sutureless cataract surgery with PCIOL implantataion (MSISCS /PC-IOL) 2. Phaco Emulsification with PC IOL implantation (PHACO/PC-IOL) In terms of a) Visual acuity b) Induced astigmatism c) Incidence of intra-operative complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study was a randomized prospective study of comparing the two cataract extraction procedures (MSICS/PC-IOL & Phaco Emulsification /PC-IOL) In terms of Visual acuity, Induced astigmatism, Incidence of intraoperative complications at Dept.of Ophthalmology, Govt. Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. SUMMARY: The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the visual out come in the two cataract procedures ( manual phaco and instrumental phaco) Efficacy was determined by evaluating visual acuity outcome and surgically induced astigmatism.Safety was determined by assessing the incidence of intra- operative complications. CONCLUSION: In our study the visual outcomes were comparably the same in the 2 cataract procedures ( MSICS & PHACO) Phaco group produced slightly less mean induced astigmatism compared to the manual phaco The instrumental phaco group produced less serious complications than manual phaco. In Government institutions like ours (Government Rajaji Hospital), where there is a large group of population to be catered, we have to consider the economic constraints also Now with more training facilities, experienced surgeons, and with the availability of sophisticated instruments Phacoemulsification is done for selected cases only with less complications. In future, both manual and Instrumental phaco can be applied equally for all set up. This may also reduce the number of complication and follow up visits. Hence both are equally safe and effective in skilled hands to acquire better visual outcome

Short term prognostic importance of hyponatremia in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction

INTRODUCTION: In 1950, the Eighth Edition of the Price Textbook of Medicine, outlining the management of patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction, stated that “taking cases as a whole, it would appear that somewhat more than half survive the acute attack. The first week is particularly dangerous, especially the first two or three days, and prognosis must be very guarded at least three months of complete rest, followed by a period of partial rest is strongly indicated” Retrospectively, this cautionary approach may seem exaggerated, but it must be remembered that until 1912, it was believed that acute myocardial infarction was uniformly fatal. It was James Herrick, a Chicago physician, who first described survival after infarction in an article that appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1912. AIMS OF THE STUDY: 1. To determine the prevalence and prognostic implications of hyponatremia in the setting of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. 2. To validate the accuracy of frequently used prognostic index killip classification. 3. To investigate the relative importance of other prognostic factors cited in the literature. 4. To calculate the statistical associations between such characteristics and short-term prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in the Thanjavur Medical College Hospital, Thanjavur, during the period of September, 2005 to March, 2006. Study Population: A total of 54 patients admitted to the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit were studied. There were 40 male and 14 female patients, ranging from 35 years to 85 years. Average age of presentation 54.7 years. Criteria For Entry Into The Study: Patients with a diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) were entered into the study. A definitive diagnosis of AMI was made if the patients satisfied the following criteria : i) A history of typical chest discomfort, lasting for more than thirty minutes, not relieved by rest or nitrates. ii) Typical ECG changes of AMI (Q waves or ST/T wave changes. in two contiguous leads, or the appearance of new left bundle branch block). Exclusion Criteria: i) Patients with elevated renal parameters. ii) Very late presentation more than 72 hours

A Study on the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Vascular Complications in Elderly with Metabolic Syndrome With or Without Diabetes

INTRODUCTION: The concept of the metabolic syndrome has existed for at least 80 years. Initially constellation of risk factors like hypertension, hyperglycemia, and gout were included as a component of metabolic cardiovascular risk factor by Kylin in 1920. Later, in 1947, Vague found that upper body (android) adiposity was associated with metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Later constellation of metabolic abnormalities includes glucose intolerance (type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or impaired fasting glycaemia), insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension as a component of metabolic syndrome, which is also known as syndrome X, or Insulin resistance syndrome. Subsequently, the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel 3 have formulated definition of metabolic syndrome includes the essential components-glucose intolerance, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia which provide a tool for clinicians researchers. Both metabolic syndrome and diabetes are associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease when they co-exist. We examined the role of metabolic syndrome alone without diabetes as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in our study population. OBJECTIVES: 1. To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the elderly. 2. To estimate the prevalence of vascular diseases (coronary heart disease/ stroke/ peripheral arterial disease) in elderly with the metabolic syndrome with or without diabetes when compared with subjects without metabolic syndrome. 3. To estimate whether metabolic syndrome alone without diabetes is an independent risk factor for vascular diseases in elderly. 4. To find the strength of correlation of metabolic syndrome components with vascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 120 cases of elderly (60 years & above) men and women were selected by systematic sampling methods from our medical out patients department, Government General Hospital, 20 cases were excluded since they had hemorrhagic stroke and selected cases were analyzed for the presence of metabolic syndrome and vascular complications present in that group. The patients having three or more of the following criteria (according to the National Cholesterol Education Guidelines Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) 3 report) were defined as having the metabolic syndrome: 1. Waist circumference > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women. 2. Hypertriglyceridemia: ≥ 150 mg/dl (≥ 1.7 mmol/l). 3. Low HDL: < 40 mg/dl in men (<1.0 mmol/l) and < 50 mg/dl in women (<1.3 mmol/l). 5. High blood pressure: ≥ 130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication. 6. High fasting plasma venous glucose: ≥ 110 mg/dl (≥ 6.1 mmol/l) or treatment for diabetes. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was carried out for 100 subjects [45 metabolic syndrome, 55 no metabolic syndrome] after categorizing each variable. Base line data was collected from patients with vascular disease and metabolic syndrome and without metabolic syndrome. Age, sex, lipid profile, non HDL cholesterol, components of the metabolic syndrome such as waist circumference, systemic BP > 130/85, fasting glucose > 110, Triglycerides >150, Low HDL < 40 mg/dl were analyzed. The significance of difference in means between two groups and the significance of difference in proportions were analyzed by Z test. The prevalence of vascular disease in the metabolic syndrome were analyzed and compared with non-metabolic syndrome group. Statistical significance was taken when two-sided p value < 0.05. Statistical analysis was carried out using standard formulae by Microsoft Excel 2003. The correlation between metabolic syndrome components and vascular disease was done by spearman’s rho methods. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our study group was 45% and vascular disease (coronary artery disease/stroke) prevalence was markedly increased in the presence of the metabolic syndrome in the elderly. 2. Those with both the metabolic syndrome and diabetes had the highest prevalence of coronary artery disease and stroke, followed by those with the metabolic syndrome but without diabetes in the elderly. 3. The metabolic syndrome is significantly associated with vascular disease risk, even in the absence of diabetes in the elderly; probably metabolic syndrome alone without diabetes can be considered as a coronary heart disease-risk equivalent in future guidelines. 4. Among metabolic syndrome components, Arterial hypertension strongly correlated with stroke, Triglycerides strongly correlated with coronary artery disease and High density lipoprotein was inversely correlated with both coronary artery disease and stroke. 5. Both raised levels of low density lipoprotein and non-high density lipoprotein (not a component of metabolic syndrome) are strongly correlated with coronary artery disease in the metabolic syndrome group, and hence these can be considered as modifying components of metabolic syndrome