Measurement of refractory black carbon mass concentrations in falling and deposited snow in the Arctic

GRENE北極気候変動研究事業研究成果報告会日時：2016年3月4日（金）　14：30-16：30 (Core time 14：.30-15：40)会場：国立国語研究所　2Fホワイ

Puna-apila on typen yhteyttäjä

Puna-apila soveltuu erityisesti kivennäismaille. Se viihtyy hyvin ojitetulla pellolla, jonka maalaji läpäisee vettä ja tuulettuu. Silloin puna-apilan pääjuuri ja jälkijuuret sekä typpibakteerinystyrät pääsevät kehittymään. Poutivalla maalla ankara kuivuus voi pysäyttää puna-apilankin kasvun.vokKV

The large-scale surface uplift in the Altiplano-Puna region of Bolivia: A parametric study of source characteristics and crustal rheology using finite element analysis

This paper focuses on the driving mechanism behind a 70 km wide region of ground uplift centered on Uturuncu volcano, in the Altiplano-Puna region of southern Bolivia. We present a series of forward models using finite element analysis to simultaneously test for first-order parameters that help constrain a viable model for the observed maximum line of sight uplift rate of 1-2 cm/yr between 1992 and 2006. Stresses from pressure sources with finite geometries are solved numerically, accounting for both homogeneous and heterogeneous mechanical rock properties in elastic and viscoelastic rheologies. Crustal heterogeneity is constrained by seismic velocity data that indicate the presence of a large low-velocity zone, the Altiplano-Puna magma body, at depths of similar to 17 km below the surface. A viscoelastic rheology is employed to account for time-dependent deformation and an inelastic crust. Comparing homogeneous and heterogeneous models demonstrates the significant impact of a mechanically weak, source-depth layer, which alters surface displacement patterns by buffering subsurface deformation. Elastic model results guide the source parameters tested in the viscoelastic models and demonstrate a range of possible causative source geometries. Our preferred model suggests that pressurization of a magma source extending upward from the Altiplano-Puna magma body is causing the observed surface uplift and alludes to a continued increase in this pressure to explain both the spatial and temporal patterns. We also demonstrate how a pressure-time function plays a first-order role in explaining the observed temporal deformation pattern.</p

ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN SUSU KAMBING PERAH PERANAKAN ETAWA STUDI KASUS PADA UD. PUNA FARM DI DESA LAM ARA TUNONG KECAMATAN KUTA MALAKA KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

RINGKASANPenelitian dilakukan di UD. Puna Farm Desa Lam Ara Tunong, Kecamatan Kuta Malaka, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. UD. Puna Farm didirikan oleh Bapak Sayuti Malik, SP, M.Si sejak tahun 2012. Usaha ini telah mendapat izin dari pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Besar. UD. Puna Farm beralamat di Desa Lam Ara Tunong Kecamatan Kuta Malaka Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Kambing Peranakan etawa sangat popular dipelihara dan dikembangkan di Indonesia. Dengan bentuk tubuh yang besar, kambing ini dapat dijadikan kambing pedaging dan banyak kalangan masyarakat membuat kontes untuk kambing tersebut. Metode penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Dimana sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Dalam pemeliharaan kamping perah peranakan etawa pada UD. Puna Farm meliputi pembersihan kandang atau sanitasi, pemerahan susu, pemberian pakan (hijauan dan konsentrat), pemberian air minum, pembesaran dan penanggulangan hama serta penyakit. Dalam proses produksi UD. Puna Farm memiliki total biaya tetap Rp. 2.020.998,- dan total biaya tidak tetap Rp. 3.068.266,-. Maka total biaya produksi susu kambing perah pada UD. Puna Farm berjumlah Rp. 5.089.264,-/bulan. Untuk melihat total keuntungan dari penjualan susu kambing perah pada UD. Puna Farm maka total pendapatan atau nilai produksi sebesar Rp.7.200.000,-/bulan lalu dikurangi dengan total biaya produksi sebesar Rp.5.977.412,-/bulan. Dari penjumlahan tersebut maka diperoleh keuntungan pada UD. Puna Farm senilai Rp. 2.116.736,-/bulan. Kelayakan usaha UD. Puna Farm dapat dilihat dari perhitungan R/C Ratio perbulan dengan nilai 2,1 dan usaha kambing perah ini dikatakan layak.Break Even Point volume produksi atau titik impas penjualan pada UD. Puna Farm sebesar 339 botol/bulan. Sedangkan untuk Break Even Point harga produksi yaitu senilai Rp.10.602,-/botol

Red clover grown in a mixture with grasses: yield, persistence and dynamics of quality characteristics

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was grown in mixtures with timothy and meadow fescue in field experiments at four sites in Finland to broaden knowledge on its potential as a forage crop. The effects of cutting frequency, nitrogen fertilization in the spring and sward density were investigated. Forage yield quality was analyzed using standard methods. Red clover produced well in all swards during the two first seasons. In the third summer the proportion of red clover was greatly diminished except on sandy soil at the northernmost locality (64°40'N) where it remained productive. Linear regression adequately described the dependence of crude fibre content and crude protein content in dry matter of the primary growth and regrowth, both of red clover and grass, on accumulated temperature sum. The contents of P, K, Ca and Mg in clover and grass are given as a function of accumulated temperature to describe their changes during crop growth. The results give new knowledge about possibilities to grow red clover in the northern livestock region of Finland. They proved that soil type is more important for good persistence of red clover than latitude

When maize is not the first choice: advances in paleodietary studies in the Archaeological Site Río Doncellas (Jujuy, Argentina)

In this work we present new values of stable isotopes of carbon (δ13Cco and δ13Cap) and nitrogen (δ15N) measured in a sample of 13 human individuals found in the Río Doncellas Archaeological Site (Late Period or Regional Developments, ca. 1000 AD-1450 AD) located in the Puna of Jujuy, Northwest of Argentina. The skeletal series belong to the collection of Museo E. Casanova, FFyL - UBA and the Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, being the result of investigations carried out during the decades of 1940 and 1970, respectively. In addition, in this work we present isotopic compositions of food resources (vegetal and fauna) found in the archaeological record as well as gathered in modern farms located in the study area (Abra Pampa, Cochinoca, Jujuy). This information was used for paleodietary inference, allowing us to establish a hierarchy of the resources that were consumed. The results indicate that maize (Zea mays) is less important than other vegetal resources in the diet, which contradicts the expectations generated from the macrobotanical evidence of the site and the cultivated terraces that surround it. On the other hand, camelids seemed to be widely exploited, which is coherent with the current importance of meat production within the region. These results allow us to assert that the growth of cereals did not have a progressive relevance over other resources.Fil: Killian Galván, Violeta Anahí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotopica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: Samec, Celeste Tamara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotopica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: Panarello, Hector Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotopica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; Argentin

Degassing history of water, sulfur, and carbon in submarine lavas from Kilauea volcano, Hawaii

Major, minor, and dissolved volatile element concentrations were measured in tholeiitic glasses from the submarine portion (Puna Ridge) of the east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Dissolved H_(2)O and S concentrations display a wide range relative to nonvolatile incompatible elements at all depths. This range cannot be readily explained by fractional crystallization, degassing of H20 and S during eruption on the seafloor, or source region heterogeneities. Dissolved C0_2 concentrations, in contrast, show a positive correlation with eruption depth and typically agree within error with the solubility at that depth. We propose that most magmas along the Puna Ridge result from (I) mixing of a relatively volatile-rich, undegassed component with magmas that experienced low pressure (perhaps subaerial) degassing during which substantial H_(2)O, S, and C0_2 were lost, followed by (2) fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase from this mixture to generate a residual liquid; and (3) further degassing, principally of C0_2 for samples erupted deeper than 1000 m, during eruption on the seafloor. The degassed end member may form at upper levels of the summit magma chamber (assuming less than lithostatic pressure gradients), during residence at shallow levels in the crust, or during sustained summit eruptions. The final phase of degassing during eruption on the seafloor occurs slowly enough to achieve melt/vapor equilibrium during exsolution of the typically CO_(2)-rich vapor phase. We predict that average Kilauean primary magmas with 16% MgO contain ~0.47 wt% H_(2)O, ~900 ppm S, and have δD values of ~-30 to -40‰. Our model predicts that submarine lavas from wholly submarine volcanoes (i.e., Loihi), for which there is no opportunity to generate the degassed end member by low pressure degassing, will be enriched in volatiles relative to those from volcanoes whose summits have breached the sea surface (i.e., Kilauea and Mauna Loa)

Data Extraction from Dynamic Web Pages

Tato práce obsahuje stručný přehled technologií používaných pro prezentaci a získání dat na WWW a popisuje vybrané nástroje pro extrakci dat z webových stránek. Práce dále navrhuje nový nástroj pro získání stránek, generovaných na základě vyplnění webových formulářů, který umožňuje uživateli definovat data na takovýchto webových stránkách a dokáže takto definovaná data extrahovat a nabídnout ve formátu XML, použitelném pro další strojové zpracování.This work contains a brief overview of technologies for representation and obtaining data on WWW and describes selected web data extraction tools. The work designs a new tool for obtaining pages generated by filling in web forms, which allows its user to define data on such web pages and which can extract those data and offer it in a XML format suitable for future machine processing.