Regulation of protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin and beta-adrenergic agonists in rat epididymal fat cells - Activation of protein kinase B by wortmannin-sensitive and -insensittve mechanisms

Previous studies using L6 myotubes have suggested that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is phosphoryl ated and inactivated in response to insulin by protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt or RAG) (Cross, D, A, E., Alessi, D, R., Cohen, P., Andjelkovic, M., and Hemmings, B, A. (1995) Nature 378, 785-789), In the present study, marked increases in the activity of PKB have been shown to occur in insulin-treated rat epididymal fat cells with a time course compatible with the observed decrease in GSK-3 activity, Isoproterenol, acting primarily through beta(3)-adrenoreceptors, was found to decrease GSK-3 activity to a similar extent (approximately 50%) to insulin, However, unlike the effect of insulin, the inhibition of GSK by isoproterenol was not found to be sensitive to inhibition by the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin or LY 294002, The change in GSK-3 activity brought about by isoproterenol could not be mimicked by the addition of permeant cyclic AMP analogues or forskolin to the cells, although at the concentrations used, these agents were able to stimulate lipolysis. Isoproterenol, but again not the cyclic AMP analogues, was found to increase the activity of PKB, although to a lesser extent than insulin. While wortmannin abolished the stimulation of PKB activity by insulin, it was without effect on the activation seen in response to isoproterenol, The activation of PKB by isoproterenol was not accompanied by any detectable change in the electrophoretic mobility of the protein on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It would therefore appear that distinct mechanisms exist for the stimulation of PKB by insulin and isoproterenol in rat fat cells

Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of iridoid glycosides extracted from: Corni fructus: Possible involvement of the PI3K-Akt/PKB signaling pathway

Iridoid glycosides (CIG) are the major component of Corni fructus. In this work, we researched the antioxidative, hypoglycemic and lowering blood lipids effects of CIG on diabetic mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Furthermore, to investigate the molecular mechanism of action, the phosphorylation and protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream proteins, such as insulin receptor (INSR), protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) have been detected. The results showed that CIG significantly improved oral glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Biochemical indices also revealed that CIG had a positive effect on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. In addition, CIG can significantly enhance the expression level of the PI3K-Akt/PKB pathway related proteins in skeletal muscle, which is the key pathway of insulin metabolism. These findings show that CIG can improve the hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia of HFD-STZ-induced diabetic mice through the PI3K-Akt/PKB signaling pathway, and CIG might be a potential medicine or functional food for type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies. © 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry

Persepsi Guru SMPN 26 Bandar Lampung terhadap Implementasi Pengembangan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan

This research was conducted to analyze and explain the Perception of Teachers SMP Negeri 26 Bandar Lampung on Implementation of Sustainable Development of Professions (PKB). The method that used in this research was descriptive method with quantitative approarch. The populations were 43 respondents. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and supporting techniques are interviews and documentation. Based on the result of this research indicate: (1) Understanding of the implementation of PKB is not good. (2) Teachers responses to PKB program have shown a positive response because they accept and support the program. (3) Expectation for the implementation of PKB show an increase in the number of budgets and quotes of PKB participants.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan Persepsi Guru SMP Negeri 26 Bandar Lampung terhadap Implementasi Pengembangan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan (PKB). Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Jumlah populasi 43 responden.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan teknik penunjang adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : (1) pemahaman terhadap implementasi PKB kurang baik. (2) Tanggapan guru terhadap Program PKB sudah menunjukkan tanggapan positif karena mereka menerima dan mendukung adanya program tersebut. (3) Harapan terhadap implementasi PKB menunjukkan adanya penambahan jumlah anggaran dan kuota bagi peserta PKB

Pengaturan Pengelolaan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor dan Bea Balik Nama Kendaraan Bermotor dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

This thesis is studies of issues Management Arrangements Motor Vehicle Tax Increase Local Revenue In West Kalimantan Province. By the legal and social research method be concluded, that: 1. Settings management Motor Vehicle Tax and Tax on Motor Vehicles in West Kalimantan Province formulated in West Kalimantan Provincial Regulation Number 8, 2010 on Local Taxes Jo amendment Regional Regulation West Kalimantan Province Number 2, 2012. Bottom line determining clearly about: a. Name, Object and Subject PKB and BBNKB; b. Basic Imposition, Rates and Calculation PKB and BBNKB; c. Admission / Registration, Reporting and Tax Charges Regional and BBNKB PKB; d. Tax Period and Tax Due When PKB and BBNKB; e. and Determination of PKB and BBNKB. Then also determined: a. Billing Procedures and Payment of Tax; b. Objection and Appeal; c. Granting Reduction, Relief, and Tax Exemption; d. Assessment Correction and Removal or Reduction of Administrative Sanctions; e. Refund Excess Payment of Tax; f. Billing expired; g. Voting Incentives; and g. . Revenue Sharing and Usage Tax. 2. Studied from setting aspect, payment procedures and BBNKB, and revenue realization fibers West Kalimantan Provincial Government in 2011 through 2013 as listed in Table 2 to Table 4, shows the implementation of the collection of motor vehicle tax and Tax on Motor Vehicles in West Kalimantan Province is quite effective (efficient and effective). 3. Efforts West Kalimantan Provincial Government to increase Tax Revenue Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Tax on future done by: a. Expanding the revenue base PKB and BBNKB that is done with taxpayer identifying new / potential and the number of taxpayers, repair database objects, fixing appraisal, and compute capacity and acceptance of PKB and BBNKB. b. Strengthen PKB and BBNKB voting process by accelerating the preparation BBNKB tariff agreements and regulatory changes as well as increased PKB and BBNKB Revenue Office of West Kalimantan. Further recommended a. For eliminating the leakage collection PKB and BBNKB surveillance system needs to be further improved internal and external management of PKB and BBNKB. b. Improving administrative procedures PKB and PKB BBNKB through administrative simplification PKB and BBNKB. c. Increasing the capacity of PKB and BBNKB acceptance through better planning to improve coordination with relevant agencies in the area. d. Improving Services SAMSAT Corner in various places in order to handle the payment of motor vehicle tax (PKB), Tax on Motor Vehicles (BBNKB), attestation Certificate of Motor Vehicles (vehicle registration) and Mandatory Contribution Road Traffic Accident Fund (SWDKLLJ) corresponding development of the situation.

STRATEGI DAKWAH PARTAI KEBANGKITAN BANGSA (PKB) DAN PERANNYA TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN MASYARAKAT KECAMATAN GEBANG KABUPATEN CIREBON

ROKMIN : Islam sebagai agama yang universal dengan segala ajaran-ajaran yang ada di dalamnya senantiasa mengatur umatnya untuk hidup menjadi lebih baik lagi. Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) sebagai salah satu partai yang berazaskan Isalam berusaha memberikan kontribusi positif dalam mengatur tatanan kehidupan sosial masyrakat yang Islami. dengan strategi dakwah yang diterapkan Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut, 1)Bagaimana kegiatan dakwah Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) yang ada di Kecamatan Gebang? 2)bagaimana agenda kegiatan Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) di Kecamatan berkaitan dengan strategi dakwah? 3)bagaimana peran strategi dakwah Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) terhadap kondisi sosial keagamaan masyarakat Kecamatan gebang? Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) berserta elemen-elemen yang ada di dalamnya senatiasa berjuang guna mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal. akan tetapi kuatnya kultur yang dipegang masyarakat menjadikan Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) terhambat dalam menjalankan strategi dakwah yang dimiliki Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB). Sehingga akan menghambat tercapainya tujuan tersebut. Dengan demikian, Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) menggunakan berbagai strategi dakwah yang dapat melncarkan program tersebut. Pendekatan secara persuasive terhadap masyarakat supaya masyarakat lebih mengerti tentang Islam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : 1)Untuk mengutahui kegiatan dakwah Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) yang ada di Kecamatan Gebang. 2)untuk mengetahui agenda kegiatan berkaitan dengan strategi dakwah lewat Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) di Kecamatan Gebang. 3)untuk mengetahui peran strategi dakwah Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) terhadap kondisi sosial keagamaan masyarakat Kecamatan gebang. Penelitian in menggunakan penekatan kualitatif Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriftif analisis yang bersifat empirik (penelitian Lapangan), yakni menganalisis tentang hal-hal yang menyangkut dengan objek penelitian lapangan. Sumber data penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data, yakni data (empirik) dan sekunder (teoritik). Teknik analisa data untuk penelitian ini dilakuakan secara langkah-langkah : wawancara, observasis, studi dokumentasi dan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan untuk mengambil kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini strategi dakwah Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) dampaknya terhadap masyarakat Kecamatan Gebang. Sehingga masyarakatnya mengerti tentang ajaran Islam dan strategi dakwah yang diterapkan Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) benar-benar mengenai masyarakat seperti jam’yah masyarakat bisa silaturahmi dan mengerti tentang islam. Mobil partai juga strategi dakwah Partai Kebangkitan bangsa (PKB) dengan adanya mobil partai masyarakat yang sakit bisa memakai mobil tersebut. Dan juga sarana ibadah masyarakat bisa lebih dekat untuk beribadah dan pemotongan hewan qurban masyrakat bisa saling membantu satu sama lain

Molecular brakes regulating mTORC1 activation in skeletal muscle following synergist ablation

The goal of the current work was to profile positive (mTORC1 activation, autocrine/paracrine growth factors) and negative [AMPK, unfolded protein response (UPR)] pathways that might regulate overload-induced mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1) activation with the hypothesis that a number of negative regulators of mTORC1 will be engaged during a supraphysiological model of hypertrophy. To achieve this, mTORC1- IRS-1/2 signaling, BiP/CHOP/IRE1, and AMPK activation were determined in rat plantaris muscle following synergist ablation (SA). SA resulted in significant increases in muscle mass of 4% per day throughout the 21 days of the experiment. The expression of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) were high throughout the 21st day of overload. However, IGF signaling was limited, since IRS-1 and -2 were undetectable in the overloaded muscle from day 3 to day 9. The decreases in IRS-1/2 protein were paralleled by increases in GRB10 Ser501/503 and S6K1 Thr389 phosphorylation, two mTORC1 targets that can destabilize IRS proteins. PKB Ser473 phosphorylation was higher from 3– 6 days, and this was associated with increased TSC2 Thr939 phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of TSC2 Thr1345 (an AMPK site) was also elevated, whereas phosphorylation at the other PKB site, Thr1462, was unchanged at 6 days. In agreement with the phosphorylation of Thr1345, SA led to activation of AMPK1 during the initial growth phase, lasting the first 9 days before returning to baseline by day 12. The UPR markers CHOP and BiP were elevated over the first 12 days following ablation, whereas IRE1 levels decreased. These data suggest that during supraphysiological muscle loading at least three potential molecular brakes engage to downregulate mTORC1. m

Genomic analysis of the function of the transcription factor gata3 during development of the Mammalian inner ear

We have studied the function of the zinc finger transcription factor gata3 in auditory system development by analysing temporal profiles of gene expression during differentiation of conditionally immortal cell lines derived to model specific auditory cell types and developmental stages. We tested and applied a novel probabilistic method called the gamma Model for Oligonucleotide Signals to analyse hybridization signals from Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays. Expression levels estimated by this method correlated closely (p<0.0001) across a 10-fold range with those measured by quantitative RT-PCR for a sample of 61 different genes. In an unbiased list of 26 genes whose temporal profiles clustered most closely with that of gata3 in all cell lines, 10 were linked to Insulin-like Growth Factor signalling, including the serine/threonine kinase Akt/PKB. Knock-down of gata3 in vitro was associated with a decrease in expression of genes linked to IGF-signalling, including IGF1, IGF2 and several IGF-binding proteins. It also led to a small decrease in protein levels of the serine-threonine kinase Akt2/PKB beta, a dramatic increase in Akt1/PKB alpha protein and relocation of Akt1/PKB alpha from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1), a known target of PKB/Akt, simultaneously decreased. In heterozygous gata3 null mice the expression of gata3 correlated with high levels of activated Akt/PKB. This functional relationship could explain the diverse function of gata3 during development, the hearing loss associated with gata3 heterozygous null mice and the broader symptoms of human patients with Hearing-Deafness-Renal anomaly syndrome

Political Islam: the Shrinking Trend and the Future Trajectory of Islamic Political Parties in Indonesia

The trend of religious conservatism in Indonesian public sector is increasing nowadays. But the trend is not followed by the rise of political Islam‟s popularity. The Islamic political parties are precisely abandoned by their sympathizers because of some reasons. This paper tries to elaborate the reasons causing the erosion of Islamic parties‟ political legitimacy. Some fundamental problems such as inability to transform ideology into political platform, internal-factionalism, as well as the crisis of identity will be explained further. The experience from 2009 election can be used to revitalize their power and capacity for the better electability in the next 2014 election. But they seem to be unable to deal with the previous problems making the electability erosion in 2014 more potential and inevitable. Various strategies must be conducted by the parties such as consolidation, revitalizing their political communication strategy, widening political networks across various ideological and religious streams, and others. Without that, their existence would be subordinated by the secular parties to become the second class political players in this biggest Moslem country in the world

Signcryption schemes with threshold unsigncryption, and applications

The final publication is available at link.springer.comThe goal of a signcryption scheme is to achieve the same functionalities as encryption and signature together, but in a more efficient way than encrypting and signing separately. To increase security and reliability in some applications, the unsigncryption phase can be distributed among a group of users, through a (t, n)-threshold process. In this work we consider this task of threshold unsigncryption, which has received very few attention from the cryptographic literature up to now (maybe surprisingly, due to its potential applications). First we describe in detail the security requirements that a scheme for such a task should satisfy: existential unforgeability and indistinguishability, under insider chosen message/ciphertext attacks, in a multi-user setting. Then we show that generic constructions of signcryption schemes (by combining encryption and signature schemes) do not offer this level of security in the scenario of threshold unsigncryption. For this reason, we propose two new protocols for threshold unsigncryption, which we prove to be secure, one in the random oracle model and one in the standard model. The two proposed schemes enjoy an additional property that can be very useful. Namely, the unsigncryption protocol can be divided in two phases: a first one where the authenticity of the ciphertext is verified, maybe by a single party; and a second one where the ciphertext is decrypted by a subset of t receivers, without using the identity of the sender. As a consequence, the schemes can be used in applications requiring some level of anonymity, such as electronic auctions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft