Point Information Gain and Multidimensional Data Analysis

We generalize the Point information gain (PIG) and derived quantities, i.e. Point information entropy (PIE) and Point information entropy density (PIED), for the case of R\'enyi entropy and simulate the behavior of PIG for typical distributions. We also use these methods for the analysis of multidimensional datasets. We demonstrate the main properties of PIE/PIED spectra for the real data on the example of several images, and discuss possible further utilization in other fields of data processing.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure

Bionomics of the pied stilt (Himantopus leucocephalus) in New Zealand : with special reference to breeding behaviour: a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology at Massey University

Aims of the Study. Although the Pied Stilt, Himantopus h.leucocephalus, Gould,1837*Nomenclature for New Zealand birds follows that laid down in the Annotated Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand (Kinsky,1970). Other bird species are as prescribed in the Handbook of British Birds (Witherby et al, 1943) or in the specific reference works quoted. is one of New Zealand's most common wading birds there has been very little published work on it. The purpose of this study therefore was to gain knowledge of the general biology of the Pied Stilt with special reference to breeding behaviour. It has been suggested (L.Gurr, pers.comm.) that the large numbers of Pied Stilt may be responsible for genetic swamping, through interbreeding, of the Black Stilt Himantopus novaezealandiae Gould, 1841 which is now quite rare and its breeding range restricted to a very small area of New Zealand - the Waitaki River system. The intention was that this study should provide information as a background to further investigation of the problem. This study is based on field observations made between February 1969 and December 1970 in the Manawatu district around Palmerston North, where Pied Stilts are found in large enough numbers to permit relatively easy observation, except during the winter months when their numbers drop considerably

LTAG analysis for pied-piping and stranding of wh-phrases

In this paper we propose a syntactic and semantic analysis of complex questions. We consider questions involving pied piping and stranding and we propose elementary trees and semantic representations that allow to account for both constructions in a uniform way

Effets de la fréquence de la foulée et du type de pose de pied lors de la course à pied sur la fracture de fatigue tibiale: travail de Bachelor

Introduction : La course à pied a vu son nombre de pratiquants augmenter ces dernières années. De nombreuses questions tournent autour de ce sujet, autant sur les bénéfices que sur les risques que cette pratique peut engendrer. Problématique : Évaluer si la fréquence de foulée et le type de pose de pied influencent le taux de charge verticale moyen et instantané. Méthode : Nous avons consulté les bases de données Pubmed, Cinahl, The Cochrane Library, PEDro, Embase et Kinédoc. La stratégie de recherche utilisée a réuni des mots clés autour de trois axes : la course à pied, le taux de charge verticale, la fréquence de la foulée et/ou le type de pose de pied. Trois études transversales ont été retenues. Leur qualité a été évaluée avec l’échelle de Downs et Black (1998) modifiée par Schmid, Schweizer, Romkes, Lorenzetti et Brunner (2013). Résultats : Les études retenues montrent une diminution du taux de charge verticale moyen et instantané lorsque la fréquence de foulée augmente et que le pied attaque par l’avant mais pas de façon significative. Conclusion : D’après notre revue de la littérature, une augmentation de la fréquence de la foulée et un changement de type de pose de pied vers une attaque avant-pied pourrait être bénéfique dans le but de diminuer le taux de charge verticale instantané et moyen et par syllogisme dans la prévention des fractures de fatigue tibiales. D’autres études seraient nécessaires pour vérifier cette tendance

Pied Poetry

To lure thy half-wit (Having all, it moves nor\u27-nor\u27-nor\u27 line) Thy piety tears a writ -- A wash-out -- Writes moving word CANCEL on The back of it, And shall Finger all

Pied Poetry

A look at poetry

La notion de pied de glace (Icefoot), en particulier dans l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent

Dans une première partie, l'auteur fait une revue des définitions et des classifications existantes du pied de glace, montrant que la notion de pied de glace est imprécise, souvent ambiguë et diffère fréquemment d'un auteur à l'autre. Dans la seconde, il définit et décrit le pied de glace dans l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent en distinguant deux grands types de pied de glace : celui de haut et de bas estran. Il souligne aussi son rôle protecteur et morpho-sedimentologique.In the first part, a review of the existing definitions and classification of the icefoot is made, showing that the icefoot notion is inaccurate, often ambiguous and not the same for everyone. In the second part, a definition and a description of the icefoot in the St. Lawrence Estuary are offered. Two main types of icefoot are distinguished : the upper and the lower strand icefoot. The protective and the morpho-sedimentological role of this feature is also emphasized

A pied-piper situation : do bureaucratic researchers produce more science?

¿Puede un científico confiar en que el gobierno le va a pagar honestamente? En la relación entre la ciencia y el Estado, el gobernante sale ganando si no paga (o si no paga honradamente). Todo científico público, así, afronta el riesgo de que tras una carrera larga y difícil el gobernante cambie las reglas del juego. A pesar de que la solución a este problema de credibilidad es lo que da forma a las instituciones de la ciencia pública el problema ha sido rara vez estudiado teórica o empíricamente en los estudios de la ciencia. En este trabajo proponemos un modelo de esa relación entre gobiernos y científicos de acuerdo con la teoría de juegos que muestra la importancia del tipo de contrato que los vincula, el que sea más o menos burocrático en un sentido weberiano. Hasta cierto punto, los contratos burocráticos —como los de los funcionarios— protegen a los científicos contra el mal comportamiento de los gobernantes. Mediante esas reglas burocráticas, los contratos atan las manos del gobierno con lo que se hace creíble su compromiso a la vez que se protege el delicado sistema de recompensas de la ciencia. De esta manera se estimula la productividad tanto en calidad como en cantidad. Sin embargo, cuando se da el caso de gobiernos fiables los contratos burocráticos limitan los sistemas de incentivos y van en contra tanto de la receptividad de los científicos a las demandas de los gobiernos o de la sociedad como, al final, al interés de los gobiernos por el producto que ofrecen. En este trabajo utilizamos evidencia comparada entre países que confirma las proposiciones del modelo teórico y muestra cómo los contratos burocráticos estimulan la productividad científica en el caso de gobiernos poco confiables —como en el caso de las dictaduras— pero limitan esa productividad con gobiernos más fiables — como las democracias—

Habitat Dan Perilaku Kangkareng Perut-putih (Anthracoceros Albirostris Convexus Temm. 1832) Di Resort Rowobendo Tn Alas Purwo

Oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris) is one of hornbill spesies (Bucerotidae) that protected in Indonesia based on Goverment Regulation No. 7/1999. The habitat of oriental pied hornbillin Resort Rowobendo Alas Purwo National Park (APNP) are natural forest and mixed forest plantation. The characteristic of the bird feeding site is a fruiting tree with a thick meat with the shaped is an oval, thin rind, soft, and contain more water and has sweet taste. The characteristic for the birdresting site is a tree with dense leaf, horizontal withstrong enough branch to withstand oriental pied hornbill. The tree height is about 10-26 m and the diameters about 29-71 cm. The nesting site characteristic the bird is a tree with diameters about ≥ 50 cm and the height is about ≥10 m. The tree has a hole, main branch that is large and fairly flat with the height of the nest from the ground level of 12-30 m. Behavior of oriental pied hornbill observed are eating, resting, calling, flying and nesting

Scans for signatures of selection in Russian cattle breed genomes reveal new candidate genes for environmental adaptation and acclimation

Domestication and selective breeding has resulted in over 1000 extant cattle breeds. Many of these breeds do not excel in important traits but are adapted to local environments. These adaptations are a valuable source of genetic material for efforts to improve commercial breeds. As a step toward this goal we identified candidate regions to be under selection in genomes of nine Russian native cattle breeds adapted to survive in harsh climates. After comparing our data to other breeds of European and Asian origins we found known and novel candidate genes that could potentially be related to domestication, economically important traits and environmental adaptations in cattle. The Russian cattle breed genomes contained regions under putative selection with genes that may be related to adaptations to harsh environments (e.g., AQP5, RAD50, and RETREG1). We found genomic signatures of selective sweeps near key genes related to economically important traits, such as the milk production (e.g., DGAT1, ABCG2), growth (e.g., XKR4), and reproduction (e.g., CSF2). Our data point to candidate genes which should be included in future studies attempting to identify genes to improve the extant breeds and facilitate generation of commercial breeds that fit better into the environments of Russia and other countries with similar climates