1 research outputs found
Who is in Control? Practical Physical Layer Attack and Defense for mmWave based Sensing in Autonomous Vehicles
With the wide bandwidths in millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band that
results in unprecedented accuracy, mmWave sensing has become vital for many
applications, especially in autonomous vehicles (AVs). In addition, mmWave
sensing has superior reliability compared to other sensing counterparts such as
camera and LiDAR, which is essential for safety-critical driving. Therefore, it
is critical to understand the security vulnerabilities and improve the security
and reliability of mmWave sensing in AVs. To this end, we perform the
end-to-end security analysis of a mmWave-based sensing system in AVs, by
designing and implementing practical physical layer attack and defense
strategies in a state-of-the-art mmWave testbed and an AV testbed in real-world
settings. Various strategies are developed to take control of the victim AV by
spoofing its mmWave sensing module, including adding fake obstacles at
arbitrary locations and faking the locations of existing obstacles. Five
real-world attack scenarios are constructed to spoof the victim AV and force it
to make dangerous driving decisions leading to a fatal crash. Field experiments
are conducted to study the impact of the various attack scenarios using a
Lincoln MKZ-based AV testbed, which validate that the attacker can indeed
assume control of the victim AV to compromise its security and safety. To
defend the attacks, we design and implement a challenge-response authentication
scheme and a RF fingerprinting scheme to reliably detect aforementioned
spoofing attacks