Foundations of Multi-Paradigm Modelling for Cyber-Physical Systems

This open access book coherently gathers well-founded information on the fundamentals of and formalisms for modelling cyber-physical systems (CPS). Highlighting the cross-disciplinary nature of CPS modelling, it also serves as a bridge for anyone entering CPS from related areas of computer science or engineering. Truly complex, engineered systems—known as cyber-physical systems—that integrate physical, software, and network aspects are now on the rise. However, there is no unifying theory nor systematic design methods, techniques or tools for these systems. Individual (mechanical, electrical, network or software) engineering disciplines only offer partial solutions. A technique known as Multi-Paradigm Modelling has recently emerged suggesting to model every part and aspect of a system explicitly, at the most appropriate level(s) of abstraction, using the most appropriate modelling formalism(s), and then weaving the results together to form a representation of the system. If properly applied, it enables, among other global aspects, performance analysis, exhaustive simulation, and verification. This book is the first systematic attempt to bring together these formalisms for anyone starting in the field of CPS who seeks solid modelling foundations and a comprehensive introduction to the distinct existing techniques that are multi-paradigmatic. Though chiefly intended for master and post-graduate level students in computer science and engineering, it can also be used as a reference text for practitioners

Actes des Cinquièmes journées nationales du Groupement De Recherche CNRS du Génie de la Programmation et du Logiciel

National audienceCe document contient les actes des Cinquièmes journées nationales du Groupement De Recherche CNRS du Gé}nie de la Programmation et du Logiciel (GDR GPL) s'étant déroulées à Nancy du 3 au 5 avril 2013. Les contributions présentées dans ce document ont été sélectionnées par les différents groupes de travail du GDR. Il s'agit de résumés, de nouvelles versions, de posters et de démonstrations qui correspondent à des travaux qui ont déjà été validés par les comités de programmes d'autres conférences et revues et dont les droits appartiennent exclusivement à leurs auteurs

Actes des Sixièmes journées nationales du Groupement De Recherche CNRS du Génie de la Programmation et du Logiciel

National audienceCe document contient les actes des Sixièmes journées nationales du Groupement De Recherche CNRS du Génie de la Programmation et du Logiciel (GDR GPL) s'étant déroulées au CNAM à Paris du 11 au 13 juin 2014. Les contributions présentées dans ce document ont été sélectionnées par les différents groupes de travail du GDR. Il s'agit de résumés, de nouvelles versions, de posters et de démonstrations qui correspondent à des travaux qui ont déjà été validés par les comités de programmes d'autres conférences et revues et dont les droits appartiennent exclusivement à leurs auteurs

Nova combinação de hardware e de software para veículos de desporto automóvel baseada no processamento directo de funções gráficas

Doutoramento em Engenharia EletrónicaThe main motivation for the work presented here began with previously conducted experiments with a programming concept at the time named "Macro". These experiments led to the conviction that it would be possible to build a system of engine control from scratch, which could eliminate many of the current problems of engine management systems in a direct and intrinsic way. It was also hoped that it would minimize the full range of software and hardware needed to make a final and fully functional system. Initially, this paper proposes to make a comprehensive survey of the state of the art in the specific area of software and corresponding hardware of automotive tools and automotive ECUs. Problems arising from such software will be identified, and it will be clear that practically all of these problems stem directly or indirectly from the fact that we continue to make comprehensive use of extremely long and complex "tool chains". Similarly, in the hardware, it will be argued that the problems stem from the extreme complexity and inter-dependency inside processor architectures. The conclusions are presented through an extensive list of "pitfalls" which will be thoroughly enumerated, identified and characterized. Solutions will also be proposed for the various current issues and for the implementation of these same solutions. All this final work will be part of a "proof-of-concept" system called "ECU2010". The central element of this system is the before mentioned "Macro" concept, which is an graphical block representing one of many operations required in a automotive system having arithmetic, logic, filtering, integration, multiplexing functions among others. The end result of the proposed work is a single tool, fully integrated, enabling the development and management of the entire system in one simple visual interface. Part of the presented result relies on a hardware platform fully adapted to the software, as well as enabling high flexibility and scalability in addition to using exactly the same technology for ECU, data logger and peripherals alike. Current systems rely on a mostly evolutionary path, only allowing online calibration of parameters, but never the online alteration of their own automotive functionality algorithms. By contrast, the system developed and described in this thesis had the advantage of following a "clean-slate" approach, whereby everything could be rethought globally. In the end, out of all the system characteristics, "LIVE-Prototyping" is the most relevant feature, allowing the adjustment of automotive algorithms (eg. Injection, ignition, lambda control, etc.) 100% online, keeping the engine constantly working, without ever having to stop or reboot to make such changes. This consequently eliminates any "turnaround delay" typically present in current automotive systems, thereby enhancing the efficiency and handling of such systems.A principal motivação para o trabalho que conduziu a esta tese residiu na constatação de que os actuais métodos de modelação de centralinas automóveis conduzem a significativos problemas de desenvolvimento e manutenção. Como resultado dessa constatação, o objectivo deste trabalho centrou-se no desenvolvimento de um conceito de arquitectura que rompe radicalmente com os modelos state-of-the-art e que assenta num conjunto de conceitos que vieram a ser designados de "Macro" e "Celular ECU". Com este modelo pretendeu-se simultaneamente minimizar a panóplia de software e de hardware necessários à obtenção de uma sistema funcional final. Inicialmente, esta tese propõem-se fazer um levantamento exaustivo do estado da arte na área específica do software e correspondente hardware das ferramentas e centralinas automóveis. Os problemas decorrentes de tal software serão identificados e, dessa identificação deverá ficar claro, que praticamente todos esses problemas têm origem directa ou indirecta no facto de se continuar a fazer um uso exaustivo de "tool chains" extremamente compridas e complexas. De forma semelhante, no hardware, os problemas têm origem na extrema complexidade e inter-dependência das arquitecturas dos processadores. As consequências distribuem-se por uma extensa lista de "pitfalls" que também serão exaustivamente enumeradas, identificadas e caracterizadas. São ainda propostas soluções para os diversos problemas actuais e correspondentes implementações dessas mesmas soluções. Todo este trabalho final faz parte de um sistema "proof-of-concept" designado "ECU2010". O elemento central deste sistema é o já referido conceito de “Macro”, que consiste num bloco gráfico que representa uma de muitas operações necessárias num sistema automóvel, como sejam funções aritméticas, lógicas, de filtragem, de integração, de multiplexagem, entre outras. O resultado final do trabalho proposto assenta numa única ferramenta, totalmente integrada que permite o desenvolvimento e gestão de todo o sistema de forma simples numa única interface visual. Parte do resultado apresentado assenta numa plataforma hardware totalmente adaptada ao software, bem como na elevada flexibilidade e escalabilidade, para além de permitir a utilização de exactamente a mesma tecnologia quer para a centralina, como para o datalogger e para os periféricos. Os sistemas actuais assentam num percurso maioritariamente evolutivo, apenas permitindo a calibração online de parâmetros, mas nunca a alteração online dos próprios algoritmos das funcionalidades automóveis. Pelo contrário, o sistema desenvolvido e descrito nesta tese apresenta a vantagem de seguir um "clean-slate approach", pelo que tudo pode ser globalmente repensado. No final e para além de todas as restantes características, o “LIVE-PROTOTYPING” é a funcionalidade mais relevante, ao permitir alterar algoritmos automóveis (ex: injecção, ignição, controlo lambda, etc.) de forma 100% online, mantendo o motor constantemente a trabalhar e sem nunca ter de o parar ou re-arrancar para efectuar tais alterações. Isto elimina consequentemente qualquer "turnaround delay" tipicamente presente em qualquer sistema automóvel actual, aumentando de forma significativa a eficiência global do sistema e da sua utilização

Intelligent Sensor Networks

In the last decade, wireless or wired sensor networks have attracted much attention. However, most designs target general sensor network issues including protocol stack (routing, MAC, etc.) and security issues. This book focuses on the close integration of sensing, networking, and smart signal processing via machine learning. Based on their world-class research, the authors present the fundamentals of intelligent sensor networks. They cover sensing and sampling, distributed signal processing, and intelligent signal learning. In addition, they present cutting-edge research results from leading experts