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    ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์—์„œ ์กฐํ™” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‘์šฉ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€,2020. 2. ๊ตญ์›….A harmonic cycle ฮป, also called a discrete harmonic form, is a solution of the Laplace's equation with the combinatorial Laplace operator obtained from the boundary operators of a simplicial chain complex. By combinatorial Hodge theory, harmonic spaces are isomorphic to homology groups with real coefficients. In particular, if a cell complex has a reduced homology with Betti number ฮฒ_i = 1 of a specific dimension i, it has a unique harmonic cycle up to scalar multiplication, which we call the standard harmonic cycle. We will present a formula for the standard harmonic cycle ฮป of a cell complex based on a high-dimensional generalization of cycletrees. Moreover, by using duality, we will define the standard harmonic cocycle ฮป* and show intriguing combinatorial properties of ฮป and ฮป* in relation to (dual) spanning trees, (dual) cycletrees, winding numbers w( ยท ) and cutting numbers c( ยท ) in high dimensions. Finally, we will also suggest two application methods; an analysis to detect oscillations by using winding number, and cutting number, and a network embedding method, called harmonic mirroring.์กฐํ™” ์‚ฌ์ดํด ฮป๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐ ์กฐํ™” ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ๋ผํ”Œ๋ผ์‹œ์•ˆ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ํ•ด์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ผํ”Œ๋ผ์‹œ์•ˆ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์—ฐ์‡„๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์ž‘์šฉ์†Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“  ์กฐํ•ฉ๋ก ์  ๋ผํ”Œ๋ผ์‹œ์•ˆ ์ž‘์šฉ์†Œ๊ฐ€ 0์ผ ๋•Œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์กฐํ•ฉ๋ก ์  ํ˜ธ์ง€ ์ด๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐํ™” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ชฐ๋กœ์ง€๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋™ํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฐ์‡ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ฐจ์› i์—์„œ ์ถ•์†Œ ํ˜ธ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ์ง€๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ฒ ํ‹ฐ์ˆ˜ ฮฒ_i๊ฐ€ 1์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์Šค์นผ๋ผ๊ณฑ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์กฐํ™” ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์กฐํ™” ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ์กฐํ™” ์‚ฌ์ดํด ฮป์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์„ ๊ณ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด, ์Œ๋Œ€์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์กฐํ™” ์Œ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ดํด ฮป*๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ฮป์™€ ฮป*์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ์กฐํ•ฉ๋ก ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์ฐจ์› ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” (์Œ๋Œ€) ์ƒ์„ฑ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ (์Œ๋Œ€) ์‚ฌ์ดํด ํŠธ๋ฆฌ, ํšŒ์ „์ˆ˜ w( ยท ), ์ž๋ฆ„์ˆ˜ c( ยท )์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‘์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์ˆ˜์™€ ์ž๋ฆ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง„๋™ ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์กฐํ™” ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋งค์žฅ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.1 Introduction 1 2 Preliminaries 3 2.1 Review of nite chain complex and (co)homology 3 2.2 High dimensional spanning trees 4 2.3 Harmonic space and combinatorial Hodge theory 5 3 Cycletree and its minimal cycle 7 3.1 Cycletree 7 3.2 Minimal cycle 9 4 Winding number 14 5 Standard harmonic cycle 17 6 Duality and dual spanning tree 20 7 Dual cycletree and cutting number 25 7.1 Dual cycletree and its minimal cocycle 25 7.2 Cutting number 27 8 Standard harmonic cocycle and relationship 31 9 Application 35 9.1 Oscillation Detection 35 9.2 Harmonic Mirroring 38 Abstract (in Korean) 41 Acknowledgement (in Korean) 42Docto
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