40,482 research outputs found
Constraining Binary Evolution with Gravitational Wave Measurements of Chirp Masses
Using the StarTrack binary population synthesis code we investigate the
properties of population of compact object binaries. Taking into account the
selection effects we calculate the expected properties of the observed
binaries.We analyze possible constraints on the stellar evolution models and
find that an observed sample of about one hundred mergers will yield strong
constraints on the binary evolution scenarios.Comment: Invited talk at "The Astrophysics of Gravitational Wave Sources"
Workshop; April 24-26, 2003, U. Maryland; 10 page
Evolving R Coronae Borealis Stars with MESA
The R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars are rare hydrogen--deficient, carbon--rich
supergiants. They undergo extreme, irregular declines in brightness of many
magnitudes due to the formation of thick clouds of carbon dust. It is thought
that RCB stars result from the mergers of CO/He white dwarf (WD) binaries. We
constructed post--merger spherically asymmetric models computed with the MESA
code, and then followed the evolution into the region of the HR diagram where
the RCB stars are located. We also investigated nucleosynthesis in the
dynamically accreting material of CO/He WD mergers which may provide a suitable
environment for significant production of 18O and the very low 16O/18O values
observed. We have also discovered that the N abundance depends sensitively on
the peak temperature in the He--burning shell. Our MESA modeling consists of
engineering the star by adding He--WD material to an initial CO--WD model, and
then following the post--merger evolution using a nuclear--reaction network to
match the observed RCB abundances as it expands and cools to become an RCB
star. These new models are more physical because they include rotation, mixing,
mass-loss, and nucleosynthesis within MESA. We follow the later evolution
beyond the RCB phase to determine the stars' likely lifetimes. The relative
numbers of known RCB and Extreme Helium (EHe) stars correspond well to the
lifetimes predicted from the MESA models. In addition, most of computed
abundances agree very well with the observed range of abundances for the RCB
class.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS in pres
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Using the Values-Practice Framework to adopt lifetime optimising behaviours: the case of maintenance
The influence that consumers have on the lifespan of products has attracted increased attention in recent years. Studies have provided an overall understanding of the factors that influence consumer attitudes and behaviours towards product longevity, categorised around the physical properties of a product, and individual and societal characteristics. However, such studies do not yet adequately explain how people could adopt product lifetime optimising behaviours. To fill this gap, the paper analyses a range of studies on what influences product lifetimes, focusing on maintenance activities. It proposes the use of the Values-Practice framework derived from two theoretical positions, social psychology and social practice theory, to consider how to facilitate the adoption of lifetime optimising behaviours. To build this framework, it analyses studies that classify factors influencing attitudes and behaviours towards product lifetimes and then links these to the âmeaningâ, âcompetenceâ and âmaterialâ elements of practice. The framework could be used as a tool to aid designers under stand the different elements and factors that engage people in maintenance activities. The paper concludes by considering the research requirements for the future application of the framework
Potential Models and Lattice Gauge Current-Current Correlators
We compare current-current correlators in lattice gauge calculations with
correlators in different potential models, for a pseudoscalar charmonium in the
quark-gluon plasma. An important ingredient in the evaluation of the
current-current correlator in the potential model is the basic principle that
out of the set of continuum states, only resonance states and Gamow states with
lifetimes of sufficient magnitudes can propagate as composite objects and can
contribute to the current-current correlator. When the contributions from the
bound states and continuum states are properly treated, the potential model
current-current correlators obtained with the potential proposed in Ref. [11]
are consistent with the lattice gauge correlators. The proposed potential model
thus gains support to be a useful tool to complement lattice gauge calculations
for the study of states at high temperatures.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Physcial Review
An empirical model for protostellar collapse
We propose a new analytic model for the initial conditions of protostellar
collapse in relatively isolated regions of star formation. The model is
non-magnetic, and is based on a Plummer-like radial density profile as its
initial condition. It fits: the observed density profiles of pre-stellar cores
and Class 0 protostars; recent observations in pre-stellar cores of roughly
constant contraction velocities over a wide range of radii; and the lifetimes
and accretion rates derived for Class 0 and Class I protostars. However, the
model is very simple, having in effect only 2 free parameters, and so should
provide a useful framework for interpreting observations of pre-stellar cores
and protostars, and for calculations of radiation transport and time-dependent
chemistry. As an example, we model the pre-stellar core L1544.Comment: To appear in Astrophysical Journal, Jan 20th, 2001. 18 pages incl. 3
fig
A Physical Model for the Origin of Quasar Lifetimes
We propose a model of quasar lifetimes in which observational quasar
lifetimes and an intrinsic lifetime of rapid accretion are strongly
distinguished by the physics of obscuration by surrounding gas and dust.
Quasars are powered by gas funneled to galaxy centers, but for a large part of
the accretion lifetime are heavily obscured by the large gas densities powering
accretion. In this phase, starbursts and black hole growth are fueled but the
quasar is buried. Eventually, feedback from accretion energy disperses
surrounding gas, creating a window in which the black hole is observable
optically as a quasar, until accretion rates drop below those required to
maintain a quasar luminosity. We model this process and measure the unobscured
and intrinsic quasar lifetimes in a hydrodynamical simulation of a major galaxy
merger. The source luminosity is determined from the black hole accretion rate,
calculated from local gas properties. We calculate the column density of
hydrogen to the source along multiple lines of sight and use these column
densities and gas metallicities to determine B-band attenuation of the source.
Defining the observable quasar lifetime as the total time with an observed
B-band luminosity above some limit L_B,min, we find lifetimes ~10-20 Myr for
L_B,min=10^11 L_sun (M_B=-23), in good agreement with observationally
determined quasar lifetimes. This is significantly smaller than the intrinsic
lifetime ~100 Myr obtained if attenuation is neglected. The ratio of observed
to intrinsic lifetime is also strong function of both the limiting luminosity
and the observed frequency.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ Letter
Lifetime of the embedded phase of low-mass star formation and the envelope depletion rates
Motivated by a considerable scatter in the observationally inferred lifetimes
of the embedded phase of star formation, we study the duration of the Class 0
and Class I phases in upper-mass brown dwarfs and low-mass stars using
numerical hydrodynamics simulations of the gravitational collapse of a large
sample of cloud cores. We resolve the formation of a star/disk/envelope system
and extend our numerical simulations to the late accretion phase when the
envelope is nearly totally depleted of matter. We adopted a classification
scheme of Andre et al. and calculate the lifetimes of the Class 0 and Class I
phases (\tau_C0 and \tau_CI, respectively) based on the mass remaining in the
envelope. When cloud cores with various rotation rates, masses, and sizes (but
identical otherwise) are considered, our modeling reveals a sub-linear
correlation between the Class 0 lifetimes and stellar masses in the Class 0
phase with the least-squares fit exponent m=0.8 \pm 0.05. The corresponding
correlation between the Class I lifetimes and stellar masses in the Class I is
super-linear with m=1.2 \pm 0.05. If a wider sample of cloud cores is
considered, which includes possible variations in the initial gas temperature,
cloud core truncation radii, density enhancement amplitudes, initial gas
density and angular velocity profiles, and magnetic fields, then the
corresponding exponents may decrease by as much as 0.3. The duration of the
Class I phase is found to be longer than that of the Class~0 phase in most
models, with a mean ratio \tau_CI / \tau_C0 \approx 1.5--2. A notable exception
are YSOs that form from cloud cores with large initial density enhancements, in
which case \tau_C0 may be greater than \tau_CI. Moreover, the upper-mass (>=
1.0 Msun) cloud cores with frozen-in magnetic fields and high cloud core
rotation rates may have the \tau_CI / \tau_C0 ratios as large as 3.0--4.0.
(Abdridged).Comment: Accepted for publication by The Astrophysical Journa
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