163 research outputs found
On inverse deterministic pushdown transductions
AbstractClasses of source languages which can be mapped by a deterministic pushdown (DPDA) transduction into a given object language (while their complement is mapped into the complement of the object language) are studied. Such classes of source languages are inverse DPDA transductions of the given object language. Similarly for classes of object languages. The inverse DPDA transductions of the Dyck sets are studied in greater detail: they can be recognized in deterministic storage (log n)' but do not comprise all context free languages; their emptiness problem is unsolvable and their closure under homomorphism constitutes the r.e. sets. For each object language L we can exhibit a storage hardest language for the class of inverse DPDA transductions of L; similarly for the classes of regular, deterministic context free, and context free object languages. Last, we classify the classes of inverse DPDA transductions of the regular, deterministic context free, context free and deterministic context sensitive languages
Two-Way Visibly Pushdown Automata and Transducers
Automata-logic connections are pillars of the theory of regular languages.
Such connections are harder to obtain for transducers, but important results
have been obtained recently for word-to-word transformations, showing that the
three following models are equivalent: deterministic two-way transducers,
monadic second-order (MSO) transducers, and deterministic one-way automata
equipped with a finite number of registers. Nested words are words with a
nesting structure, allowing to model unranked trees as their depth-first-search
linearisations. In this paper, we consider transformations from nested words to
words, allowing in particular to produce unranked trees if output words have a
nesting structure. The model of visibly pushdown transducers allows to describe
such transformations, and we propose a simple deterministic extension of this
model with two-way moves that has the following properties: i) it is a simple
computational model, that naturally has a good evaluation complexity; ii) it is
expressive: it subsumes nested word-to-word MSO transducers, and the exact
expressiveness of MSO transducers is recovered using a simple syntactic
restriction; iii) it has good algorithmic/closure properties: the model is
closed under composition with a unambiguous one-way letter-to-letter transducer
which gives closure under regular look-around, and has a decidable equivalence
problem
Streamability of nested word transductions
We consider the problem of evaluating in streaming (i.e., in a single
left-to-right pass) a nested word transduction with a limited amount of memory.
A transduction T is said to be height bounded memory (HBM) if it can be
evaluated with a memory that depends only on the size of T and on the height of
the input word. We show that it is decidable in coNPTime for a nested word
transduction defined by a visibly pushdown transducer (VPT), if it is HBM. In
this case, the required amount of memory may depend exponentially on the height
of the word. We exhibit a sufficient, decidable condition for a VPT to be
evaluated with a memory that depends quadratically on the height of the word.
This condition defines a class of transductions that strictly contains all
determinizable VPTs
The Caucal hierarchy of infinite graphs in terms of logic and higher-order pushdown automata
In this paper we give two equivalent characterizations of the Caucal hierarchy, a hierarchy of infinite graphs with a decidable monadic second-order (MSO) theory. It is obtained by iterating the graph transformations of unfolding and inverse rational mapping. The first characterization sticks to this hierarchical approach, replacing the language-theoretic operation of a rational mapping by an MSO-transduction and the unfolding by the treegraph operation. The second characterization is non-iterative. We show that the family of graphs of the Caucal hierarchy coincides with the family of graphs obtained as the ε-closure of configuration graphs of higher-order pushdown automata. While the different characterizations of the graph family show their robustness and thus also their importance, the characterization in terms of higher-order pushdown automata additionally yields that the graph hierarchy is indeed strict
Reachability in Higher-Order-Counters
Higher-order counter automata (\HOCS) can be either seen as a restriction of
higher-order pushdown automata (\HOPS) to a unary stack alphabet, or as an
extension of counter automata to higher levels. We distinguish two principal
kinds of \HOCS: those that can test whether the topmost counter value is zero
and those which cannot.
We show that control-state reachability for level \HOCS with -test is
complete for \mbox{}-fold exponential space; leaving out the -test
leads to completeness for \mbox{}-fold exponential time. Restricting
\HOCS (without -test) to level , we prove that global (forward or
backward) reachability analysis is \PTIME-complete. This enhances the known
result for pushdown systems which are subsumed by level \HOCS without
-test.
We transfer our results to the formal language setting. Assuming that \PTIME
\subsetneq \PSPACE \subsetneq \mathbf{EXPTIME}, we apply proof ideas of
Engelfriet and conclude that the hierarchies of languages of \HOPS and of \HOCS
form strictly interleaving hierarchies. Interestingly, Engelfriet's
constructions also allow to conclude immediately that the hierarchy of
collapsible pushdown languages is strict level-by-level due to the existing
complexity results for reachability on collapsible pushdown graphs. This
answers an open question independently asked by Parys and by Kobayashi.Comment: Version with Full Proofs of a paper that appears at MFCS 201
A B\"uchi-Elgot-Trakhtenbrot theorem for automata with MSO graph storage
We introduce MSO graph storage types, and call a storage type MSO-expressible
if it is isomorphic to some MSO graph storage type. An MSO graph storage type
has MSO-definable sets of graphs as storage configurations and as storage
transformations. We consider sequential automata with MSO graph storage and
associate with each such automaton a string language (in the usual way) and a
graph language; a graph is accepted by the automaton if it represents a correct
sequence of storage configurations for a given input string. For each MSO graph
storage type, we define an MSO logic which is a subset of the usual MSO logic
on graphs. We prove a B\"uchi-Elgot-Trakhtenbrot theorem, both for the string
case and the graph case. Moreover, we prove that (i) each MSO graph
transduction can be used as storage transformation in an MSO graph storage
type, (ii) every automatic storage type is MSO-expressible, and (iii) the
pushdown operator on storage types preserves the property of
MSO-expressibility. Thus, the iterated pushdown storage types are
MSO-expressible
On the Existence of Universal Finite or Pushdown Automata
We investigate the (non)-existence of universal automata for some classes of
automata, such as finite automata and pushdown automata, and in particular the
influence of the representation and encoding function. An alternative approach,
using transition systems, is presented too.Comment: In Proceedings DCM 2011, arXiv:1207.6821. Sadly, Manfred Kudlek
passed away June 18, 2012, before publication of this pape
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