Germ Plasm Diversity of Groundnut Based on the Character of Morphology, Result, and Oil Content

Groundnut is one of the largest vegetable oil and has a good nutritional value. It could be used as an alternative source of food, industrial raw materials, and bioenergy. The main function of fats and oil in seeds reserves source of energy. This research aims to study the diversity of morphological, yield, and the oil content in groundnut germplasm. The planting of groundnut was conducted at the experimental station Cikeumeuh BB Biogen Bogor from July until December in 2013, with the germplasm of groundnut as much as 200 accessions. The characters identification is determined by the method of morphological characterization with Groundnut Descriptor from IPGRI. Analyze oil content of groundnut used soxhlets method at the Laboratory of Post-harvest Bogor. The results showed that germplasm groundnut have varied levels of diversity at characters. Relatively high morphological diversity founded the character of pod yield/plot, weight of pods/plant and number of immature pods. Groundnut oil content is range 33% to 47%. There are a real positive correlation between the number of pods to variable morphology, yield and oil content, but negatively correlation at weight of 100 seeds. Number of pods and number of branches is positively correlation with oil content of groundnut seeds. Cultivars groundnut that have the characters of promise could be used as national asset and the source of genes as a parent in the breeding program

Physicochemical properties of seeds and oil from an F2 population of Jatropha curcas x Jatropha integerrima

Jatropha or physic nut (Jatropha curcas) is being genetically improved in many countries for commercial plantation as a source of biodiesel. This study investigates the variation in physicochemical properties of seed and oil obtained from F2 plants of a cross between J. curcas cv."Chai Nat" and J. integerrima (a local dwarf ornamental type from Thailand). The results revealed a high diversity in properties of seed and oil showing a number of promising genotypes. Out of 296 F2 plants derived from an F1 plant, 42 of them showed small canopy size, high in seed yield, oil content, and oleic acid content, but low in linoleic acid content. Some plants showed a kernel to seed weight ratio of more than 0.8. Some plants had over 40% seed oil content. Phorbol ester content of their seeds varied from 0.7–4.6 mg/g, with an average of 1.9 mg/g. Seed yield of the F2 plants showed a positive correlation with oil yield per plant (r=0.99), while there were weak relationships between oil content with the other traits. A highly negative correlation was observed between oleic and linoleic acids (r=−0.97). (Résumé d'auteur

Hydrogen isotope study of petroleum and related organic substance

D/H and C^(13)/C^(12) of more than 90 crude oils from all over the world and ranging from Pliocene to Cambrian and other related organic substances have been analyzed to investigate the range of the δD values of petroleum and the controlling factors. δD values of crude oils range from -85 to -181‰. Samples of non-marine origin have much narrower δD values of -142 to -163‰. Liquid petroleum distilled from Kanai gas of Alaska has a δD value of -252‰ which is the most negative δD value for petroleum samples analyzed so far. While the gas fraction can be depleted in deuterium by about 55 to 70‰ relative to the oil fraction, there is practically no detectable difference in δD values between liquid and wax fractions of crude oil. It thus appears that the variation in δD values in crude oils in general is not caused by the compositional difference. However, under unusual situations such as "oil" distilled from the Kenai gas, the effect of chemical composition can be important. Evidences also show that variation in δD values of crude oils is inherited from the source materials. There exists correlation between latitude of sampling sites and δD values of crude oils. This indicates that terrestrial organic substance is a major component of source material for most crude oils. The results also seem to support the hypothesis that the lipid fraction is the major biologic source of petroleum. It also can be concluded from the results that the hydrogen isotopic data are useful in correlation between source rocks and reservoirs of petroleum and among crude oils of common origin. There are no systematic relationships between δD and SC13 values, and between δD values and geologic ages of the crude oils analyzed so far

Use of Machine Learning for Partial Discharge Discrimination

Partial discharge (PD) measurements are an important tool for assessing the condition of power equipment. Different sources of PD have different effects on the insulation performance of power apparatus. Therefore, discrimination between PD sources is of great interest to both system utilities and equipment manufacturers. This paper investigates the use of a wide bandwidth PD on-line measurement system to facilitate automatic PD source identification. Three artificial PD models were used to simulate typical PD sources which may exist within power systems. Wavelet analysis was applied to pre-process the obtained measurement data. This data was then processed using correlation analysis to cluster the discharges into different groups. A machine learning technique, namely the support vector machine (SVM) was then used to identify between the different PD sources. The SVM is trained to differentiate between the inherent features of each discharge source signal. Laboratory experiments indicate that this approach is applicable for use with field measurement data

Seasonal and site-specific variation in vapour and aerosol phase PAHs over Flanders (Belgium) and their relation with anthropogenic activities

Peer reviewe

A numerical model for the fractional condensation of pyrolysis vapours

Experimentation on the fast pyrolysis process has been primarily focused on the pyrolysis reactor itself, with less emphasis given to the liquid collection system (LCS). More importantly, the physics behind the vapour condensation process in LCSs has not been thoroughly researched mainly due to the complexity of the phenomena involved. The present work focusses on providing detailed information of the condensation process within the LCS, which consists of a water cooled indirect contact condenser. In an effort to understand the mass transfer phenomena within the LCS, a numerical simulation was performed using the Eulerian approach. A multiphase multi-component model, with the condensable vapours and non-condensable gases as the gaseous phase and the condensed bio-oil as the liquid phase, has been created. Species transport modelling has been used to capture the detailed physical phenomena of 11 major compounds present in the pyrolysis vapours. The development of the condensation model relies on the saturation pressures of the individual compounds based on the corresponding states correlations and assuming that the pyrolysis vapours form an ideal mixture. After the numerical analysis, results showed that different species condense at different times and at different rates. In this simulation, acidic components like acetic acid and formic acids were not condensed as it was also evident in experimental works, were the pH value of the condensed oil is higher than subsequent stages. In the future, the current computational model can provide significant aid in the design and optimization of different types of LCSs

DYNAMIC RELATIONS AND SHARIA STOCK MARKET INTEGRATION WITH OIL PRICES (Studies: Indonesia, Malaysia, USA, UK, Japan 2012-2016)

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship of dynamic and integration between world sharia stock market with world crude oil price. This research can find out the integration relationship between world sharia stock market with world crude oil price. The object of this research is sharia stock market in Indonesia, Malaysia, United States, UK, Japan during period 2012-2016. The research method is Dynamic Coditional Correlation Multivariate-GARCH method is used to test the hypothesis in order to know the relationship of sharia stock market integration in world with world oil price. In this case to test the conditional correlation multivariate-GARCH method, reasearcher have taken any steps is descriptive statistical testing, heteroskedasticity testing, stationary test, and GARCH univariate testing. The result of the research shows that there is a significant dynamic correlation in world sharia stock price (Indonesia, Malaysia, United States, United Kingdom, Japan) and significant dynamic relationship between world sharia stock market with world crude oil price. It can be explained indirectly proves the existence of integration relationship between world sharia stock market with world crude oil price. Keywords: sharia stocks integration, sharia stock price, world crude oil price, Dynamic Conditional Correlation Multivariate-GARCH (DCC-MGARCH)

Atmospheric benzene observations from oil and gas production in the Denver-Julesburg Basin in July and August 2014

High time resolution measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected using a proton-transfer-reaction quadrupole mass spectrometry (PTR-QMS) instrument at the Platteville Atmospheric Observatory (PAO) in Colorado to investigate how oil and natural gas (O&NG) development impacts air quality within the Wattenburg Gas Field (WGF) in the Denver-Julesburg Basin. The measurements were carried out in July and August 2014 as part of NASA’s “Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality” (DISCOVER-AQ) field campaign. The PTR-QMS data were supported by pressurized whole air canister samples and airborne vertical and horizontal surveys of VOCs. Unexpectedly high benzene mixing ratios were observed at PAO at ground level (mean benzene = 0.53 ppbv, maximum benzene = 29.3 ppbv), primarily at night (mean nighttime benzene = 0.73 ppbv). These high benzene levels were associated with southwesterly winds. The airborne measurements indicate that benzene originated from within the WGF, and typical source signatures detected in the canister samples implicate emissions from O&NG activities rather than urban vehicular emissions as primary benzene source. This conclusion is backed by a regional toluene-to-benzene ratio analysis which associated southerly flow with vehicular emissions from the Denver area. Weak benzene-to-CO correlations confirmed that traffic emissions were not responsible for the observed high benzene levels. Previous measurements at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) and our data obtained at PAO allow us to locate the source of benzene enhancements between the two atmospheric observatories. Fugitive emissions of benzene from O&NG operations in the Platteville area are discussed as the most likely causes of enhanced benzene levels at PAO