Modeling the Orbital Sampling Effect of Extrasolar Moons

The orbital sampling effect (OSE) appears in phase-folded transit light curves of extrasolar planets with moons. Analytical OSE models have hitherto neglected stellar limb darkening and non-zero transit impact parameters and assumed that the moon is on a circular, co-planar orbit around the planet. Here, we present an analytical OSE model for eccentric moon orbits, which we implement in a numerical simulator with stellar limb darkening that allows for arbitrary transit impact parameters. We also describe and publicly release a fully numerical OSE simulator (PyOSE) that can model arbitrary inclinations of the transiting moon orbit. Both our analytical solution for the OSE and PyOSE can be used to search for exomoons in long-term stellar light curves such as those by Kepler and the upcoming PLATO mission. Our updated OSE model offers an independent method for the verification of possible future exomoon claims via transit timing variations and transit duration variations. Photometrically quiet K and M dwarf stars are particularly promising targets for an exomoon discovery using the OSE.Comment: published in ApJ; 11 figures (8 b/w, 3 col); OSE simulator available at https://github.com/hippke/pyos

Effect of dietary organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on chemical, mineral and fatty acid composition of ostrich meat

This study evaluated the effect of dietary organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on chemical, mineral and fatty acid composition of ostrich meat. Forty ostriches were raised in two groups (OSe and IOSe, diets supplemented with an organic form and an inorganic form of selenium, respectively). The form of selenium had no influence on chemical composition of ostrich muscle. Although, there were no significant differences in total content of SFA, MUFA and PUFA, the content of LA and EPA was higher in the muscles of ostriches which were put on a diet supplemented with an organic form of selenium, what resulted in lower n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio in OSe group (9.99) in comparison to IOSe group (11.70). The results of the study indicate that dietary organic selenium supplementation improves the quality of the ostrich meat as related to the health promoting properties (LA, EPA and selenium content) of meat

Abnormal Domestic Information Disseminate on Cross-listed Nikkei 225 Index Futures from Abroad?

This study extends the GARCH with autoregressive conditional jump intensity in Generalized Error Distribution (GARJI-GED) model to identify the fundamental characteristics of Nikkei 225 index and futures. Furthermore, this study applied the Granger causality test to investigate whether an abnormal information lead and lag relationship existed for the Nikkei 225, SIMEX-Nikkei 225 and OSE-Nikkei 225. Empirical results demonstrate that Nikkei 225 index and futures show jump phenomena, implying a jump process is necessary to match statistical features in spot and futures markets. Finally, the empirical results indicated that the abnormal information of the OSE-Nikkei 225 futures contract significantly leads the one of the SIMEX- Nikkei 225 and Nikkei 225 index.

The Arbitrage Efficiency of the Nikkei 225 Options Market: A Put-Call Parity Analysis

This paper is concerned with arbitrage efficiency of the Nikkei index option contracts traded on the Osaka Securities Exchange ( OSE) within the put-call parity (PCP) framework. A thorough ex post analysis is first carried out. The results reveal a modest number of violations with 2.74 percent of the sample breaching the PCP equation and an average arbitrage profit of 22.61 index points for OSE member firms during the sample period (2003?05). Ex ante tests are then conducted whereby ex post profitable arbitrage strategies, signified by the matched put and call contracts, are executed with lags of one minute and three minutes. The ex ante results reveal that the number of profitable arbitrage opportunities and the average profit are both reduced significantly with an execution lag. In addition, regression analysis is used to provide further evidence about the PCP and arbitrage profitability. Overall, there is no strong evidence found against the efficiency of the Nikkei 225 options market, although arbitrage opportunities do exist occasionally.Put-call parity; Market efficiency; Nikkei 225 options

Produksi Bioetanol Dari Alkali-pretreatment Jerami Padi Dengan Proses Simultaneous Sacharification and Fermentation (Ssf)

- Rice straw is an agricultural waste which contains 39% cellulose and 27.5% hemicelluloses. Rice straw can be converted into bio ethanol by Simultaneous Saccharification Fermentation (SSF) process. The aims of this research are to investigate the influence of rice straw pretreatment and operation condition (number of cellulose enzyme and Saccharomyces cereviseae) for bioethanol production. The bioethanol conversion was devided by 2 steps, there were delignification and SSF. Delignification process was done by soak rice straw in NaOH 2% heated at temperature 85 oC for 1 hour then washed with water. The pretreatment rice straw was used as substrate in SSF. SSF was conducted in the presence of cellulase enzyme (20, 30, and 40 FPU) and Sacharomyces Cerevisiae (2,4 and 6 ose) for 3 days. The bioethanol concentration produced for 20 FPU, 30 FPU, and 40 FPU in 2 ose S.careviseae are 0,45%, 0,44%, and 0,43% respectively. The addition number of Saccharomyces cereviseae was gave high concentration of bioethanol. The result shown that bioethanol concentration of 2 ose, 4 ose and 6 ose are 0,45%, 0,46% and 1,07%, respectively. In the same concentration of enzyme (20 FPU) which pretreatment and non pretretament substrate was increased of bioethanol concentration up to 82,2%. The pretretment process was broken the structure of lignin and made enzyme easy to attached cellulose and converted to glucose

Optimal sequential enrichment designs for phase II clinical trials

In the early phase development of molecularly targeted agents (MTAs), a commonly encountered situation is that the MTA is expected to be more effective for a certain biomarker subgroup, say marker-positive patients, but there is no adequate evidence to show that the MTA does not work for the other subgroup, that is, marker-negative patients. After establishing that marker-positive patients benefit from the treatment, it is often of great clinical interest to determine whether the treatment benefit extends to marker-negative patients. The authors propose optimal sequential enrichment (OSE) designs to address this practical issue in the context of phase II clinical trials. The OSE designs evaluate the treatment effect first in marker-positive patients and then in marker-negative patients if needed. The designs are optimal in the sense that they minimize the expected sample size or the maximum sample size under the null hypothesis that the MTA is futile. An efficient, accurate optimization algorithm is proposed to find the optimal design parameters. One important advantage of the OSE design is that the go/no-go interim decision rules are specified prior to the trial conduct, which makes the design particularly easy to use in practice. A simulation study shows that the OSE designs perform well and are ethically more desirable than the commonly used marker-stratified design. The OSE design is applied to an endometrial carcinoma trial

Absence and Overtime Work:Empirical Evidence from Norway

This paper presents both theoretical and empirical analyses of the relationship between overtime work and absence. Demand for absence is analysed under the assumption that workers in a given firm can be represented by one of two types of workers, denoted overemployed and underemployed. Increased demand for overtime hours has a nonpositive effect on absence. If actual overtime pay is higher than the reservation wage, a higher demand for overtime hours will reduce absence. Otherwise absence is unaffected. On the other hand, demand for overtime increases if absence increases. The empirical analysis is carried out on quarterly panel data from 263 firms, covering the time period 1990-96. The empirical results confirm the theoretical predictions except from the effect of overtime hours on absence, where positive elasticities are estimated.Absenteeism;overtime work