Effectiveness in Prosthodontics with Mechanically Strong, Paltform Switched Implant Systems

Presudno obilježje današnjeg dvodijelnog implantacijskog sustava je mehanički čvrsta, pouzdana površina usatka koja će biti u dodiru s kosti. Tom se zahtjevu može na optimalan način udovoljiti precizno izrađenim spojem s nosačem konusnog oblika (Morseov konus). Taj je spoj s nosačem konusnog oblika vrlo otporan na savijanje i torziju pri obavljanju kliničke funkcije, čime se znatno smanjuje mogućnost kidanja vijaka ili njihova labavljenja. Uz to, spoj s nosačem konusnog oblika omogućava i izradu oblika platforme na koronalnom dijelu usatka. Time se omogućava stvaranje debelog sloja gustog, mekog tkiva oko vrata nosača i prekrivanje preostalog, horizontalnog dijela platforme. Tim se debelim slojem tkiva prikriva boja titana na cervikalnom dijelu fiksne proteze i omogućava da taj dio poprimi boju normalnog tkiva. Takav oblik usatka s platformom također omogućava da se mjesto kontakta implantat-nosač s vanjskog gornjeg ruba pomakne prema središtu ramena implantata, čime se dobiva biološka širina u smjeru okomitom na uzdužnu os implantata. Tako se održava visina rubnog koštanog grebena (grebenska kost) na koronalnom vrhu ramena implantata - što ima presudnu ulogu u stvaranju i dugoročnom održavanju papila. Uz to, oblik implantata s platformom olakšava postavljanje nosača u submukozu i sprječava utiskivanje mekog tkiva u područje kontakta između usatka i nosača. Velika čvrstoća i inicijalno mali promjer nosača omogućavaju postizanje: (1) izvrsne estetike i (2) suprastruktura koje su klinički vrlo slične zubu koji je u mostu.A decisive feature of the two-piece implant system of today is a mechanically strong, reliable implant abutment interface. This demand can be optimally achived by a precisely machined, tapered cone abutment (Morse taper) connection. This tapered abutment connection provides high resistance to bending and rotational torque during clinical function which significantly reduces the possibilities of screw fracture of loosening. Additionally, tapered abutement connection causes a platform switched design at the coronal portion of the implant. It enables a thick layer of dense soft tissue to form around the neck of the abutment an dcover the remaining horizontal area of the platform. This thick tissue masks the colour of the titanium that is cervical to the fixed prosthesis and is responsible for normal tissue colour. This platform switched implant design also moves the site of the implant-abutment interface from the outer top margin to the center of the implant shoulder, enabling the establishment of a bilogical width that is perpendicular to the long axis of the implant. The height of the marginal osseous crest (crestal bone) is maintained at the coronal top of the implant shoulder- it plays a decisive role in the formation and long term maintenance of papillas. Additionally, the platform switched design facilitates the mounting of submucosal placed abutments, preventing imapction of soft tissue between the implant-abutment interface. Both the high strength and initial small diameter of the abutment make it possible to obtain: (1) excellent aesthetics and (2) suprastructures that are clinically very similar to tooth borne prostheses

Transnacionalni društveni prostori poljskih migranata u Leipzigu (Njemačka)

One phenomenon of globalisation is the transnationalization of migrants and migrant communities, creating new social fields and new identities between country of origin and country of settlement. This paper presents the preliminary results of a research project on transnational migration between Poland and the German city of Leipzig. It aims to identify aspects of transnationality and wants to show the transnational social spaces inhabited by the migrants. The analysis of the qualitative and quantitative data is done along a model of transnationality, differentiating between three spheres which refer to physical, cultural and identity movements of the migrants. It provides some empirical evidence of the interdependency between migration motives, duration of migration and several socio-economic variables on the one hand and the variations of transnationality on the other. The paper also raises the question of the implications of transnationalization for the European nation building process and suggests that transnational identity formations might serve as a model for a future European citizenship.Transnacionalizacija migranata i migrantskih zajednica, koja pritom stvara nova društvena polja i nove identitete između zemalja podrijetla i zemalja naseljavanja, fenomen je svojstven globalizaciji. U radu su predstavljeni preliminarni rezultati istraživačkoga projekta o transnacionalnoj migraciji između Poljske i njemačkoga grada Leipziga. Namjera je identificirati aspekte transnacionalnosti i prikazati transnacionalne društvene prostore nastanjene migrantima. Analiza kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih podataka slijedi model transnacionalnosti, te razlučuje tri sfere koje se odnose na fizička, kulturna i identitetska kretanja među migrantima. Izloženi su neki empirijski dokazi međuovisnosti migracijskih motiva, trajanja migracije i nekoliko društveno-ekonomskih varijabli s jedne strane, te varijacije transnacionalnosti s druge. Postavlja se i pitanje implikacija transnacionalizacije na proces izgradnje europske nacije te se sugerira da bi oblici transnacionalnoga identiteta mogli poslužiti kao model za buduće europsko državljanstvo

EZB-baza online časopisa

EZB – Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (engl. Electronic Journal Library) njemačka je baza elektroničkih časopisa. Ta baza napravljena je s ciljem okupljanja svih èasopisa dostupnih putem interneta na jednom mjestu

ISPRS Hannover Workshop, Njemačka

U Hannoveru, Njemačka od 6. do 9. lipnja 2017. godine održana je radionica međunarodnog udruženja za fotogrametriju i daljinska istraživanja (engl. International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing – ISPRS). Domaćin radionice bio je Institut za fotogrametriju i geoinformacije Leibinz sveučilišta u Hannoveru (njem. Institut für Photogrammetrie und GeoInformation, Leibniz Universität Hannover)

Regionalni klasteri i novo zapošljavanje u Hrvatskoj

The findings of the first part of the research study illustrate that during transition period in Croatia huge differences in economic development level of single regions has been noticed. This could also be seen in movements of labour market. Increasing problem of aggregate unemployment from year to year points to existence of regional structural unemployment. In the context of this larger discrepancy, regional differences have special position, that have emerge at the unemployment level and employment composition, but also in the context of new employment. Such situation is present in old and new EU members, as well as in Croatia. The analysis of latest trends in employment and unemployment movements illustrate that Croatia has the lowest employment rate between old and new EU members, and that only Slovakia and Poland have higher unemployment rates than Croatia. In circumstances of steady and increasing unemployment higher importance is aimed at labour market institution and policy development which role is particularly elaborated in third and forth part of this research. The institutional system of the labour market consist of social system of protection, flexibility of lay off security, implementation of active labour market policies and level of regional labour force mobility. All institutional forms in transitional countries have become more important in the moment of conversion to market economic conditions. The forth part of the research shows that with unemployment rate increase, duration and amount of unemployment compensation significantly decrease. The main goal was to stimulate job seekers to start look for a job and to reduce unemployment duration. Therefore in transition countries labour market policies moves from passive to active one. Mainly it can be concluded that use of passive labour market policies stimulates unemployed to stay inactive for a longer period, while active ones try to make process of employment or re-employment easier. The majority of transition countries spent less than 1% of GDP on passive and active labour market policies. The last part of the first part of the research study is directed to establishing regional differences at the Croatian labour market and the influence of the Free Business Zone Varaždin (place of biggest greenfield investment in Croatia) on job creation. The average registered yearly unemployment rate in Croatia slightly decreased from 18,0% in 2004 to 17,9% in 2005, but regional unemployment differences still remains. The number of registered vacancies at the Employment Office decreased during 2005 and regional employment in Croatia has been influenced by seasonal employment in tourism again. Setting up of Free Business Zones has more and more considerable influence on job creation in Croatia. The main goal for its foundation, besides the economic development reasons, is in attracting FDI, the new technologies development, export growth according to the export orientation of the total production in the zone, employment growth, GDP growth and increase of citizen's standard in each county. It is expected that in the Free Business Zone Varaždin from 2005 to 2008 export will exceed 500 millions Euro and that around 3500 new jobs will be created. In the absolute quantity that is maybe a small number, but if it is planned that in such way the number of new employment in Varaždinska county will increase for approximately 18% yearly, the importance of Free Business Zone in Varaždin is not questionable. It is expected that unemployment in Varaždinska county will decrease below European average in 2008. Second part of the research study emphasizes a role of regional clusters in increasing regional competitiveness. Regional clusters, which can be defined as geographically bound concentrations of interdependent firms and knowledge/technology suppliers, are seen as an important instrument for promoting competitiveness and new employment growth. In many regions, clusters are enabling firms to overcome internal limitations by joining efforts and resources with other firms, R&D institutions and universities, and public sector organisations. Clusters established at the regional level can form the perfect environment to enhance innovation by allowing firms to take advantage of specialised suppliers, local know-how, information, skills and education. The proximity of customers, competitors, suppliers, universities, and research/innovation organisations favours the growth, the employment, and the attractiveness of the regions. Theoretical foundations of the cluster concept could be found in the different approaches, such as agglomeration, or district theories, but it is mostly based on Porter,s diamond analysis. Regional clusters became the strategic development tool in achieving the Lisbon agenda in Europe. The same is the case in most post-transition economies. The situation in Croatia is different, because the institutional prerequisites for the cluster development are not completely developed. Croatia is still not divided into the regions, according to the EU standards and regional statistical accounts are not realised yet and there is no relevant basis to comparative regional statistics. There is a low level of communication and coordination between national, counties and local authorities. Adequate microeconomic policies that support cluster development are missing, such as educational policy and incentive policy to foreign direct investment. On the national level the Regional development strategy is built up, the same as the regional operational plans in most counties. Regional development agencies also exist in most counties and they are mostly engaged on the SMEs projects and other actions dealing with competitiveness building. In different counties, the various types of business integrations are created, such as districts, business zones etc. Regional clusters are foreseen as the future goals in many documents, but only one internationally recognised cluster in Croatia exists. It is BIOS cluster, in publishing and printing sector.regionalni klasteri, regionalne razlike, kreiranje novih radnih mjesta, slobodne zone

The Antimicrobial Effect of Calasept, Superlux Calcium Hydroxide Liner and Gutta-percha with Calcium Hydroxide

Mikroorganizmi i učinci njihova metabolizma glavni su uzročnici patoloških promjena u zubnoj pulpi i u periradikularnom tkivu. Svrha našega istraživanja bila je in vitro odrediti bakterijsku učinkovitost Calasepta (Speico, Darmstadt, Njemačka), Superlux calcium hydroxidelinera (Dental Material Gesellschaft, Hamburg, Njemačka) i Calcium hydroxide conesa (ROEKO Langenau, Njemačka) u izravnom doticaju s mikroorganizmima. Uporabljeni su mikroorganizmi Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) i Candida albicans (NCTC 3123). Pripravljena je prekonoćna miješana kultura mikroorganizama (108 CFU/ml). U tu suspenziju na 5 je minuta uronjeno ukupno 36 absorbirajućih sterilnih papirnih konusa N 50 (ROEKO Langenau, Njemačka) i 18 gutaperka konusa presvučenih kalcijevim hidroksidom (ROEKO Langenau, Germany). Konusi su nakon toga smjeπteni u petrijevke (7). Papirni štapići tada su pažljivo prekriveni s Calaseptom ili Superlux calcium hydroxide linerom. U razmacima od 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 i 72 sata tri “pointa” od svake ispitne skupine su uklonjena iz doticaja s pastom kalcijeva hidroksida i uronjeni u soja triptoza bujon. Inkubirani su 72 h na 37°C, aerobno. Antimikrobni učinak Calasepta i Superlux Calcium hydroxid linera pokazao se nakon 6 h za Enterococcus faecalis i nakon 12 h za Candidu albicans. Antimikrobmo djelovanje gutaperka štapića prekrivenih kalcijevim hidroksidom nije primijećeno nit za jedan ispitani mikroorganizam u 72 h.Microorganisms are the main cause of disease in root canals and periapically. Facultative bacteria and fungi have been identified in persistent endodontic infection. The objective of this study was to determine in vitro the efficacy of: Calasept (Speiko, Darmstadt, Germany), Superlux calcium hydroxide liner (Dental Material Gesellschaft, Hamburg, Germany) and gutta-percha with calcium hydroxide (Roeko, Langenau, Germany) in direct contact with microorganisms. The microorganisms used were: Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Candida albicans (NCTC 3123). An overnight mixed broth culture of microorganisms (108 CFU/ml) was prepared. Paper points and gutta-percha points were immersed in suspension for 5 min. The paper points were then covered with Calasept and Superlux calcium hydroxide liner. At intervals of 0; 6; 12; 24; 48 and 72 h at 37°C, aerobically. The antimicrobial effect of Calasept and Superlux calcium hydroxide liner apparently occured after 6h on Enterococcus faecalis and 12 h on Candida albicans. With gutta-percha, this effect did not occur for either Enterococcus faecalis or Candida albicans after 72 h

Njemačka socijalna povijest 1949-1990. Povodom knjige Hansa-Ulricha Wehlera, Deutsche Gesellschaftsgeschichte, 5. Band: Bundesrepublik und DDR 1949-1990, München 2008.

Prikaz knjig

Medijska pismenost i razvojni zadaci: Savezna Republika Njemačka kao studija slučaja

This article presents a skill-based media literacy model which can help to explain digital inequalities. The model integrates the everyday life of children and their developmental tasks. Under this concept, users are media literate if they are able to fulfil their developmental tasks successfully by using the media and to reflect upon the consequences and risks of their media use. In 2011, 82 German boys and girls were interviewed to gain a better understanding of the connections between internet use, media literacy and digital inequalities.U radu je predstavljen model medijske pismenosti koji se temelji na vještinama. Pretpostavlja se da taj model može pomoći da se objasne digitalne nejednakosti. Model ujedinjuje svakodnevni život djece i njihove razvojne zadatke. Prema predloženom konceptu za korisnike se može reći da su medijski pismeni ako su sposobni uspješno ispuniti razvojne zadatke koristeći medije, a očekuje se i da promišljaju o posljedicama i rizicima korištenja medija. 2011. godine intervjuirano je 82 djece u Njemačkoj s ciljem da se dobije bolji uvid u poveznice između korištenja interneta, medijske pismenosti i digitalnih nejednakosti

Subcellular localisation of the NME6 protein and anti-NME6 antibody testing

Nukleozid-difosfatske kinaze (NDPK/Nm23/NME) čine obitelj evolucijski očuvanih enzima, koji prenose fosfatnu skupinu γ s andenozin trifosfata na nukleozid difosfate i na taj način održavaju ravnotežu nukleotida u stanci, a smatra se da imaju i neke druge biokemijske funkcije. Nukleozid-difosfatske kinaze sudjeluju u brojnim biološkim procesima kao što su proliferacija, diferencijacija i razvoj, a imaju značajnu ulogu i u razvoju tumora i metastaziranju. Unatoč brojnim istraživanjima, njihova biološka funkcija nije do danas u potpunosti razjašnjena. Deset članova obitelji proteina NME (od NME1 do NME10) podijeljeni su u dvije skupine. Skupinu I čine proteini od NME1 do NME4 i svi posjeduju aktivnost kinaze NDP, dok u skupinu II ubrajamo NME5 do NME10, od kojih većina ne pokazuje aktivnost kinaze NDP. Strukturno, NME6 dijeli svega 34-41% homologije s proteinima iz prve skupine, dok je njegov izražaj relativno nizak u većini tkiva. Malobrojna istraživanja upućuju na to da je NME6 smješten u mitohondrijima i u citoplazmi. Cilj diplomskog rada bio je odrediti lokalizaciju proteina NME6 u humanim tumorskim stanicama HeLa uz pomoć fluorescentnog reporterskog sustava, testirati antitijelo anti-NME6 te optimizirati metodu Western blot. U tu svrhu, koristili smo metode transformacije, transfekcije, fluorescentnu imunocitokemiju, analizu Western blot te konfokalnu mikroskopiju.Nucleoside diphosphate kinases are evolutionary conserved enzymes which transfer the γ phosphate from adenosine triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates consequently maintaining the nucleotide homeostasis in the cell. Additionally, they are also considered to have other biochemical functions. NDP kinases are involved in several biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation and development. Moreover, they are proven to have a significant role in tumour development and metastasis. However, despite intensive research in the field, all of their biological functions still aren’t completely resolved. The NME family consists of 10 genes/proteins (from NME1 to NME10), divided into two groups. Group I encompasses proteins from NME1 to NME4 which all exhibit the NDP kinase. Group II consists of proteins from NME5 to NME10 most of which show no NDP kinase activity. Structurally, NME6 shares only 34-41% homology with Group I proteins, while its expression is relatively low in most tissues. Scarce data on NME6 indicates that it is located in the mitochondria and the cytoplasm. The aim of this thesis was to determine the localization of the NME6 protein in HeLa tumour cells using GFP reporter system, to test the anti-NME6 antibody, and optimise the Western blot method. For that purpose, we used transformation, transfection and fluorescent immunocytochemistry methods, Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy