Printed document integrity verification using barcode

Printed documents are still relevant in our daily life and information in it must be protected from threats and attacks such as forgery, falsification or unauthorized modification. Such threats make the document lose its integrity and authenticity. There are several techniques that have been proposed and used to ensure authenticity and originality of printed documents. But some of the techniques are not suitable for public use due to its complexity, hard to obtain special materials to secure the document and expensive. This paper discuss several techniques for printed document security such as watermarking and barcode as well as the usability of two dimensional barcode in document authentication and data compression with the barcode. A conceptual solution that are simple and efficient to secure the integrity and document sender's authenticity is proposed that uses two dimensional barcode to carry integrity and authenticity information in the document. The information stored in the barcode contains digital signature that provides sender's authenticity and hash value that can ensure the integrity of the printed document

A novel zero-watermarking scheme for text document authentication

The demand for copyright protection of text documents is extremely vital especially when the text is transmitted over the Internet. One of the best practical resolutions to maintain the security of document media is digital watermarking. Several approaches have been proposed to guarantee the safety and protection of the documents against dishonest copying and distribution. This paper suggests an innovative zero-watermarking scheme for the purpose of authentication and tamper detection in simple text documents. The algorithm generates a watermark based on the effective characters of the text contents which can be extracted later using extraction algorithm to identify the status of tampering in the text document. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm against random tampering attacks. Watermark pattern matching and watermark distortion rate are used as evaluation parameters on multiple text samples of varying length

Natural language watermarking and robust hashing based on presuppositional analysis

We propose a method of text watermarking and hashing based on natural-language semantic structures. In particular, we are interested in the linguistic semantic phenomenon of presupposition. Presupposition is implicit information that is taken for granted by the reader and establishes common ground between the author's and reader's situational knowledge; it is a semantic component of certain linguistic expressions (lexical items and syntactic constructions called presupposition triggers). The same sentence can be used with or without presupposition, provided that all the relations between discourse referents are preserved. The number of presuppositions in randomly grouped sentences and the web of resolved presupposed information in the text holds the watermark (e.g. integrity watermark, or prove of ownership), introducing "secret ordering" into the text structure to make it resilient to a certain amount of data altering attacks. This intrinsic structure of the text can be also used as a robust hash of the text.Anglai