Características de las hospitalizaciones por cáncer de mama en el Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es el tumor maligno más frecuente entre la población femenina. Cabe destacar que la mortalidad por este tipo de cáncer ha descendido notablemente en los últimos años, debido a los avances en los programas de cribado y en los tratamientos. En esta enfermedad son pilares fundamentales la detección precoz así como el abordaje integral en su manejo. Objetivos: En este trabajo analizamos las características de las hospitalizaciones en las mujeres con cáncer de mama durante el periodo de 1993 a 2014, en el Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia. Material y Métodos: Se ha realizado un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo de mujeres ingresadas en el Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia por cáncer de mama entre los años 1993 y 2014. La población del estudio está formada por 1848 ingresos en mujeres con esta patología en el periodo indicado. Para ello se ha necesitado realizar una revisión bibliográfica, extrayendo de diferentes bases de datos estudios relacionados con el realizado. Resultados y Discusión: La media de edad de nuestra muestra es de 63 ± 14,3 años con una proporción de residencia urbano/rural de 1,7:1. En este trabajo destaca la tendencia en la hospitalización por cáncer de mama ya que es ascendente con un porcentaje anual de cambio del 4,4%. Aunque la mastectomía supone la técnica quirúrgica predominante, en los últimos años está siendo reemplazada por la tumorectomía. Conclusión: En nuestro entorno, las hospitalizaciones de las mujeres con cáncer de mama han aumentado progresivamente a lo largo de los años; aunque los días de estancia hospitalaria cada vez son menos debido a los tipos de cirugía conservadora que se realizan a estas pacientes. También destacar que el papel de la enfermería puede ayudar mucho a las pacientes a resolver esta patología de la mejor manera posible, evitando las numerosas complicaciones.Grado en Enfermerí

Tuning the exciton g-factor in single InAs/InP quantum dots

Photoluminescence data from single, self-assembled InAs/InP quantum dots in magnetic fields up to 7 T are presented. Exciton g-factors are obtained for dots of varying height, corresponding to ground state emission energies ranging from 780 meV to 1100 meV. A monotonic increase of the g-factor from -2 to +1.2 is observed as the dot height decreases. The trend is well reproduced by sp3 tight binding calculations, which show that the hole g-factor is sensitive to confinement effects through orbital angular momentum mixing between the light-hole and heavy-hole valence bands. We demonstrate tunability of the exciton g-factor by manipulating the quantum dot dimensions using pyramidal InP nanotemplates

SPS phase control system performance via analytical simulation

A solar power satellite transmission system which incorporates automatic beam forming, steering, and phase control is discussed. The phase control concept centers around the notation of an active retrodirective phased array as a means of pointing the beam to the appropriate spot on Earth. The transmitting antenna (spacetenna) directs the high power beam so that it focuses on the ground-based receiving antenna (rectenna). A combination of analysis and computerized simulation was conducted to determine the far field performance of the reference distribution system, and the beam forming and microwave power generating systems

Incentive compatibility and conflict resolution in international river basins: A case study of the Nile basin

10.1029/2005WR004238Water Resources Research422WRER

In depth evaluation of the prognostic and predictive utility of PTEN immunohistochemistry in colorectal carcinomas: performance of three antibodies with emphasis on intracellular and intratumoral heterogeneity.

BACKGROUND: Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN) loss of function is frequently detected in advanced colorectal cancer. Its detection is thought to have prognostic significance and it is being considered to predict responsiveness to anti-EGFR therapy. Unfortunately, while immunohistochemical assessment of PTEN expression is widespread, it lacks standardization and the results are hardly comparable across the available publications. METHODS: Retrospectively collected, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded colorectal tumor tissue samples from 55 patients were combined into tissue microarray (TMA) blocks. We used three different PTEN antibodies to determine the frequency, intensity and intracellular pattern of PTEN immunohistochemical labeling: Neomarkers, Dako and CellSignaling. We evaluated the aforementioned parameters in selected regions of colorectal cancers and in their lymph node metastases by using three scoring methods that take into consideration both staining frequency and intensity (H1-H3-score). We also evaluated intracellular localization. RESULTS: The Dako and CellSignaling antibodies stained predominantly cytoplasms, while the Neomarkers antibody specifically stained cell nuclei. PTEN H-scores were significantly lower in all tumor areas as compared to the normal colonic mucosa based on staining with the DAKO and CellSignaling antibodies. Intratumoral regional differences or differences between matching tumors and metastases were not detected with any of the antibodies. Neither Dako, neither CellSignaling, nor the Neomarkers antibodies revealed a significant correlation between PTEN expression and pT, Dukes/MAC and clinical stage. KRAS status, histological grade correlated with PTEN H-scores based on staining with the Neomarkers antibody. PTEN H-scores did not correlate with MMR status. PTEN H-scores did not show any correlation with relapse-free survival based on staining with either antibody. CONCLUSIONS: While PTEN expression decreased in colorectal cancer according to two antibodies, neither of the three applied PTEN antibodies could justify significant correlation with clinicopathological data, nor had prognostic value. Thus, we might conclude that immunohistochemical PTEN investigation remains a challenge requiring more standardized evaluation on larger number of cases to clarify its utility as a prognostic and predictive tool in CRC. The standardization of immunohistochemical method is key in the evaluation process, which is further discussed

Understanding the build-up of a Technological Innovation System around Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies

This study provides insight into the development of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in the Netherlands (1980-2007). This is done by applying a Technological Innovation System (TIS) approach. This approach takes the perspective that a technology is shaped by a surrounding network of actors, institutions and technologies. When a technology is in an early stage of development, a TIS has yet to be built up in order to propel technological progress. This paper focuses on the historical build-up of the hydrogen and fuel cell innovation system in the Netherlands. The research focuses on processes that accelerated or slowed down the developments of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. We suggest that this framework is helpful for actors who intend to accelerate the development and deployment of hydrogen and fuel cells in other countries.fuel cell; technological innovation system; system functions; cumulative causation.

Anisotropic hole spins in single and coupled self-assembled quantum dots

Anisotropy of hole spins in single and coupled self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots is studied theoretically by means of an effective bond-orbital method. Compared with isotropic electron spins within the growth plane, it is found that the hole spins, although with much smaller positive g factors, can be highly anisotropic in single quantum dots. It is shown that the in-plane anisotropy of the hole spins can even reverse its sign as the height of the dots varies. In vertically coupled quantum dots, the in-plane hole g factors become comparable to the electrons, almost one order of magnitude larger than those in the single dots. Our result agrees qualitatively with the recent experiment [S. A. Crooker et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 036601 (2010)].published_or_final_versio