4,356 research outputs found
Ecosystem Viable Yields
The World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, 2002) encouraged
the application of the ecosystem approach by 2010. However, at the same Summit,
the signatory States undertook to restore and exploit their stocks at maximum
sustainable yield (MSY), a concept and practice without ecosystemic dimension,
since MSY is computed species by species, on the basis of a monospecific model.
Acknowledging this gap, we propose a definition of "ecosystem viable yields"
(EVY) as yields compatible i) with guaranteed biological safety levels for all
time and ii) with an ecosystem dynamics. To the difference of MSY, this notion
is not based on equilibrium, but on viability theory, which offers advantages
for robustness. For a generic class of multispecies models with harvesting, we
provide explicit expressions for the EVY. We apply our approach to the
anchovy--hake couple in the Peruvian upwelling ecosystem
Guaranteed Inertia Functions in Dynamical Games.
This paper deals with inertia functions in control theory introduced in Aubin, Bernardo and Saint-Pierre (2004, 2005) and their adaptation to dynamical games. The inertia function associates with any initial state-control pair the smallest of the worst norms over time of the velocities of the controls regulating viable evolutions. For tychastic systems (parameterized systems where the parameters are tyches, disturbances, perturbations, etc.), the palicinesia of a tyche measure the worst norm over time of the velocities of the tyches. The palicinesia function is the largest palicinesia threshold c such that all evolutions with palicinesia smaller than or equal to c are viable. For dynamical games where one parameter is the control and the other one is a tyche (games against nature or robust control), we define the guaranteed inertia function associated with any initial state-control-tyche triple the best of the worst of the norms of the velocities of the controls and of the tyches and study their properties. Viability Characterizations and Hamilton-Jacobi equations of which these inertia and palicinesia functions are solutions are provided.Viability; dynamical games; inertia function; Tychastic systems; palicinesia;
A metapopulation model with Markovian landscape dynamics
We study a variant of Hanski's incidence function model that allows habitat
patch characteristics to vary over time following a Markov process. The widely
studied case where patches are classified as either suitable or unsuitable is
included as a special case. For large metapopulations, we determine a recursion
for the probability that a given habitat patch is occupied. This recursion
enables us to clarify the role of landscape dynamics in the survival of a
metapopulation. In particular, we show that landscape dynamics affects the
persistence and equilibrium level of the metapopulation primarily through its
effect on the distribution of a local population's life span.Comment: This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0
license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Algebraic Invariance Conditions in the Study of Approximate (Null-)Controllability of Markov Switch Processes
We aim at studying approximate null-controllability properties of a
particular class of piecewise linear Markov processes (Markovian switch
systems). The criteria are given in terms of algebraic invariance and are
easily computable. We propose several necessary conditions and a sufficient
one. The hierarchy between these conditions is studied via suitable
counterexamples. Equivalence criteria are given in abstract form for general
dynamics and algebraic form for systems with constant coefficients or
continuous switching. The problem is motivated by the study of lysis phenomena
in biological organisms and price prediction on spike-driven commodities.Comment: Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems, Springer Verlag
(Germany), 2015, online first
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00498-015-0146-
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